PENGUIN BOOKS
THE PENGUIN HISTORY OF THE
SECOND WORLD WAR
Peter Calvocoressi was born in 1912 and educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, where he received a First in History. He was called to the Bar in 1935. During the Second World War he worked on Ultra Intelligence at Bletchley Park and later attended the Nuremberg trials. Since then he has mainly divided his time between publishing and international affairs. For eleven years he was a partner in Chatto & Windus and the Hogarth Press and later Chief Executive of Penguin Books. He has been Reader in International Affairs at Sussex University and has served on the Councils of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, the International. Institute for Strategic Studies and Amnesty International, and on the UN Sub-Committee on Discrimination and Minorities. He has been chairman of the London Library and of the Africa Bureau and is now chairman of Open University Educational Enterprises Ltd.
Guy Wint was born in London in 1910 and educated at Dulwich College, Oriel College, Oxford, and Berlin University. In 1932 he went to China as secretarial assistant of the League of Nations Technical Mission. From China he went to India and spent some time there studying the working of the Indian Constitution. He spent most of the war years in government service in India, Singapore, America and China and in 1947 published The British in Asia. He then became a journalist and was for ten years a leader-writer for the Manchester Guardian. Guy Wint died in early 1969.
R. John Pritchard, born and raised in Southern California after the Second World War, graduated from the University of California at Riverside and obtained his MA and Ph.D. in International History at the London School of Economics and Political Science, where he studied diplomatic and military history, and specialized in the theory and practice of appeasement. Later, after founding two commercial enterprises, he took a law degree at the University of Kent at Canterbury and the Bar Vocational Course at the Inns of Court School of Law in London. Between 1973 and 1987, he compiled and published an annotated, unabridged edition of the Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and a companion Index and Guide series. A new 124-volume edition, reformatted, updated and extended with additional materials, was launched in 1998 as The Tokyo Major War Crimes Trial: The Records of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East with an Authoritative Commentary and Comprehensive Guide. Interest in international humanitarian law and the misconduct of war led him to study thousands of other Cretan, German, Italian and Japanese war crimes trials. John Pritchard has written or contributed to scores of other published books, including Far Eastern Influences upon British Strategy towards the Great Powers , and has lectured on war studies, modern history and international law in British and American universities. In 1996 he became the founding director of the Robert M.W. Kempner Collegium, a trust established in upstate New York, devoted to expert conferences and the publication of hundreds of volumes on the history and jurisprudence of international criminal law, international human rights and related subjects.
PETER CALVOCORESSI, GUY WINT
AND JOHN PRITCHARD
The Penguin History of the
Second World War
![Picture 1](/uploads/posts/book/46347/images/9780140285024_ThePenguinHistoryOfTheSecondW_IMG_001.jpg)
PENGUIN BOOKS
PENGUIN BOOKS
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First published under the title Total War in Great Britain by
Allen Lane The Penguin Press 1972
First published in the USA by Pantheon Books 1972
This revised edition published in one volume by Viking 1989
Published in two volumes, The Western Hemisphere and
The Greater East Asia and Pacific Conflict , in Penguin Books 1989
Published in one volume in Penguin Books 1995
Reissued under the present title 1999
Copyright Peter Calvocoressi, 1972, 1989; Krishna Wint, 1972; John Pritchard, 1989
Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publishers prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser
ISBN: 978-0-14-195988-7
Contents
Part I
THE SOURCES OF WAR IN EUROPE
Part II
HITLERS WARS: 193941
Part III
EUROPE UNDER THE NAZIS
Part IV
THE MIDDLE GAME
Part V
THE DEFEATOF GERMANY: 19425
Part I
ASIAN CONFLICT
Part II
OCEAN CLASH
Part III
THE HIGH TIDE OF WAR
Part IV
THE DEFEAT OF JAPAN
List of Maps
The Soviet Drive to Berlin 1945
Japanese Prisoner-of-War Camps
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgement is due to Martin Gilbert of Merton College, Oxford, to Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited, and to the Macmillan Company for their kind permission to use the maps on pages , which have been adapted from the following: American History Atlas , edited by Martin Gilbert, cartography by Peter Kingsland, copyright Martin Gilbert, 1969; Jewish History Atlas , edited by Martin Gilbert, cartography by Peter Kingsland, copyright Martin Gilbert, 1969; Recent History Atlas , edited by Martin Gilbert, cartography by John Flower, copyright Martin Gilbert, 1966; Russian History Atlas , edited by Martin Gilbert, cartography by Arthur Banks, copyright Martin Gilbert, 1972.
The maps on pages 801 and 1034 have been adapted from History of the Sino-Japanese War ( 19371945 ) by Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, copyright Chung Wu Publishing Co., 1971. The publishers are grateful to Mrs George R. Lipe for permission to reproduce the maps on pp. 12023. Cartography for The Greater East Asia and Pacific Conflict section by Reginald Piggott.
Foreword to the Second Edition
W HEN this book was being written early in the seventies no governmental archives were generally open to the public. Now many are. This is the first of two important differences between the books first edition and that which is now presented. The second is the death of Guy Wint he died in fact before completing his work and the new partnership of John Pritchard and myself in the preparation of this new edition.
It has frequently been observed that the opening of official archives reveals little or nothing. This sweeping judgement is a useful corrective to the view that history is enshrined, often entombed, in official papers, and it is true enough in so far as it asserts that official disclosure rarely produces revelations of major significance. But such disclosure has two important historical consequences. It exposes a mass of detail, and even if the details are in themselves mostly trivial the accumulation of them is not. In particular, the historians ability to wallow in these details helps him to enter into the minds of those who guided, or tried to guide, or thought they were guiding, the march of events; to understand whether sympathetically or not why they thought as they did and acted as they did, and to readjust the impact upon them of the kaleidoscope of circumstances. Within the ambit of this book the opening of the archives compels and facilitates a reassessment of the politics of appeasement in the 1930s to which I shall revert.
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