You might not see things yet
on the surface, but underground,
its already on fire.
Indonesian writer Y.B. Mangunwijaya, July 16, 1998
For Avi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The four-year process of taking No Logo from an idea to a finished book has been exhilarating. It has not, however, been painless and I have relied heavily on the support, understanding and expertise of those around me.
It has been my great honor to have as my editor Louise Dennys, whose intellectual rigor and personal commitment to freedom of expression and human rights have sharpened the arguments in this book and smoothed my rough edges as a writer. She transformed this book in magical ways.
My research assistant, Paula Thiessen, has tracked down many of the most obscure facts and sources. For more than two years she worked tirelessly collecting the statistics that make up this books many original charts, extracting facts from cagey retail chains and cajoling government agencies around the world to send unpublished reports. She also conducted the books photo research and has been a calming influence and supportive colleague during what is often lonely work.
My agents at the Westwood Creative Artists, Bruce Westwood and Jennifer Barclay, took on what many would have seen as a risky project, with boundless enthusiasm and determination. They searched the international book world for kindred spirits who would not just publish No Logo, but would champion it: Reagan Arthur and Philip Gwyn Jones.
The exceptional team at Knopf Canada has been warm-hearted and cool-headed no matter what the crisis. I am grateful to Michael Mouland, Nikki Barrett, Noelle Zitzer and Susan Burns, as well as to the talented and dedicated team of editors who have strengthened, polished, trimmed and checked this text: Doris Cowan, Alison Reid and Deborah Viets.
I am deeply indebted to John Honderich, publisher of The Toronto Star, who gave me a regular column in his newspaper when I was far too young; a space that for almost five years allowed me to develop both the ideas and the contacts that form the foundation of this book. My editors at The Star Carol Goar, Haroon Siddiqui and Mark Richardson have been enormously supportive through leaves of absence and even wished me well when I left the column to focus my full attention on this project. The writing for No Logo began in earnest as a piece for The Village Voice on culture jamming and I am indebted to Miles Seligman for his editorial insights. My editor at Saturday Night, Paul Tough, has supported me with extended deadlines, research leads, and No Logothemed assignments, including a trip to the Roots Lodge, which helped deepen my understanding of the utopian aspirations of branding.
I received valuable research assistance from Idella Sturino, Stefan Philipa and Maya Roy. Mark Johnston hooked me up in London, Bern Jugunos did the same in Manila and Jeff Ballinger did it in Jakarta. Hundreds of individuals and organizations also cooperated with the research, but a few individuals went far out of their way to ply me with stats and facts: Andrew Jackson, Janice Newson, Carly Stasko, Leah Rumack, Mark Hosler, Dan Mills, Bob Jeffcott, Lynda Yanz, Trim Bissell, Laird Brown, and most of all, Gerard Greenfield. Unsolicited juicy tidbits arrived by post and E-mail from Doug Saunders, Jesse Hirsh, Joey Slinger, Paul Webster and countless other electronic angels. The Toronto Reference Library, the International Labour Organization, the Corporate Watch Web site, the Maquila Solidarity Network, The Baffler, SchNEWS, Adbusters and the Tao Collective listserves were all invaluable to my research.
I am also grateful to Leo Panitch and Mel Watkins for inviting me to speak at conferences that helped me to workshop the thesis early on, and to my colleagues on the This Magazine editorial board for their generosity and encouragement.
Several friends and family members have read the manuscript and offered advice and input: Michele Landsberg, Stephen Lewis, Kyo Maclear, Cathie James, as well as Bonnie, Michael, Anne and Seth Klein. Mark Kingwell has been a dear friend and intellectual mentor. Sara Borins was my first and most enthusiastic reader of both the proposal and the first draft and it was the ever-fabulous Sara who insisted that No Logo must have a design that matched the spirit of its content. Nancy Friedland, John Montesano, Anne Baines and Rachel Giese stood by me when I was nowhere to be found. My late grand father, Philip Klein, who worked as an animator for Walt Disney, taught me a valuable lesson early in life: always look for the dirt behind the shine.
My greatest debt is to my husband, Avi Lewis, who for years greeted me every morning with a cup of coffee and a stack of clippings from the business section. Avi has been a partner in this project in every possible way: he stayed up late into the night helping to evolve the ideas in this book; accompanied me on numerous research escapades, from suburban monster malls to Indonesias export factory zones; and edited the manuscript with centurion attention at multiple stages. For the sake of No Logo he allowed our lives to be totally branded by this book, giving me the great freedom and luxury to be fully consumed.
CONTENTS
ONE
TWO The Brand Expands: How the Logo Grabbed
Center Stage
THREE Alt.Everything: The Youth Market and the
Marketing of Cool
FOUR The Branding of Learning: Ads in Schools
and Universities
FIVE Patriarchy Gets Funky: The Triumph
of Identity Marketing
SIX Brand Bombing: Franchises in the Age of
the Superbrand
SEVEN Mergers and Synergy: The Creation of
Commercial Utopias
EIGHT Corporate Censorship: Barricading the
Branded Village
NINE The Discarded Factory: Degraded
Production in the Age of the Superbrand
TEN Threats and Temps: From Working
for Nothing to Free Agent Nation
ELEVEN Breeding Disloyalty: What Goes
Around, Comes Around
TWELVE
THIRTEEN
FOURTEEN Bad Mood Rising: The New
Anticorporate Activism
FIFTEEN The Brand Boomerang: The Tactics of
Brand-Based Campaigns
SIXTEEN A Tale of Three Logos: The Swoosh, the
Shell and the Arches
SEVENTEEN Local Foreign Policy: Students
and Communities Join the Fray
EIGHTEEN Beyond the Brand: The Limits of
Brand-Based Politics
CONCLUSION Consumerism Versus Citizenship: The
Fight for the Global Commons
NO LOGO AT TEN
As I write this introduction, thinking about how much branding has changed in ten years, a couple of developments seem worth mentioning off the top. In May of 2009, Absolut Vodka launched a limited-edition line called Absolut No Label. The companys global public relations manager Kristina Hagbard explains that, for the first time we dare to face the world completely naked. We launch a bottle with no label and no logo, to manifest the idea, that no matter whats on the outside, its the inside that really matters. We encourage people to think twice about their prejudice, because in an Absolut world, there are no labels.
A few months later, Starbucks tried to avoid being judged by its own label by opening its first unbranded coffee shop in Seattle, called 15th Avenue E Coffee and Tea. This stealth Starbucks (as the anomalous outlet immediately became known) was decorated with one-of-a-kind fixtures and customers were invited to bring in their own music for the stereo system as well as their own pet social causes all to help develop what the company called a community personality. Customers had to look hard to find the small print on the menus: inspired by Starbucks. Tim Pfeiffer, a Starbucks senior vice president, explained that unlike the ordinary Starbucks outlet that used to occupy the very same piece of retail space, This one is definitely a little neighborhood coffee shop. After spending two decades blasting its logo onto 16,000 stores worldwide, Starbucks was now trying to escape its own brand.