Kenyon Zimmer - Immigrants against the State: Yiddish and Italian Anarchism in America

I have been privileged to work with a number of mentors who taught me how to be a writer, scholar, and historian. I am forever in the debt of the late Steven Bach, Ron Cohen, Alejandro de la Fuente, Mark Ferrari, Derek Hutchinson, Jim and Suzanne Jennings, Barry Pateman, David Philips, Miroslava Prazak, Lara Putnam, the late Beth Ryan, Eileen Scully, Carol Symes, Bruce Venarde, and Paul Voice, among others. Donna Gabaccia, Patrick Manning, Richard Oestreicher, and Marcus Rediker deserve special mention for having faith in this project from the beginning.

I also enjoyed the support and camaraderie of my peers at the University of Pittsburgh, including Tania Boster, Roland Clark, Isaac Curtis, Niklas Frykman, Scott Giltner, Bayete Henderson, Mike McCoy, and Lars Peterson. Outside of academia, I discovered a welcoming community of like-minded friends at the Big Idea Bookstore and the Pittsburgh Organizing Group. My colleagues at the University of Texas at Arlington have been generous and supportive, especially Stephanie Cole, Marvin Dulaney, Bob Fairbanks, John Garrigus, and Sarah Rose. Laurie Matheson at the University of Illinois Press has long been a believer in this book.

The research for this project would not have been possible without the aid of the personnel at the various libraries and archives I have frequented. Above all, the interlibrary loan departments at the University of Pittsburgh's Hillman Library and the University of Texas at Arlington Libraries deserve praise for their hard work. In addition, I thank the staff at the Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs at Wayne State University; the Archivio Centrale dello Stato in Rome; the Immigration History Research Center at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives at New York University; the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research; the Emma Goldman Papers at the University of California at Berkeley; the American Labor Museum in Haledon, New Jersey; the incomparable International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam; the Joseph A. Labadie Collection at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (especially Julie Herrada and the other friendly folks); and the Kate Sharpley Library (where Barry Pateman and Jessica Moran were exceptionally generous and helpful). I also thank Thomas Lang, who tracked me down after discovering my dissertation and shared the invaluable unpublished memoir of his great-aunt, Russia Hughes.

The research for this book was made possible by the financial support of numerous institutions. The University of Pittsburgh kindly funded my research with a C. Y. Hsu Summer Research Fellowship, an Arts and Sciences Summer Fellowship, an Andrew Mellon Predoctoral Fellowship, a Samuel P. Hays Summer Research Grant, and a Lillian B. Lawler Predoctoral Fellowship. I am grateful for special dispensations from the World History Center and Professor Alberta Sbragia of the European Union Center of Excellence and European Studies Center. I also received a grant-in-aid from the Immigration History Research Center and generous startup funds from the Department of History and College of Liberal Arts at the University of Texas at Arlington.

Scholars who generously shared their time, thoughts, sources, and research with me included Bert Altena, Constance Bantman, Marcella Bencivenni, Olivia Cummings, Candace Falk, Mario Gianfrate, Tom Goyens, Bob Helms, Steven Hirsch, Andrew Hoyt, Carl Levy, Michele Presutto, Salvatore Salerno, Kirk Shaffer, David Struthers, Travis Tomchuk, Michael Miller Topp, Davide Turcato, and Anna Torres. Fraser Ottanelli and Davide Turcato commented on chapter drafts, and Jennifer Guglielmo, Barry Pateman, and an anonymous reviewer gave invaluable feedback after reading the entire manuscript. Any errors in the final product are entirely my own.

Nunzio Pernicone, who passed away before this book was completed, also generously commented on the manuscript and shared important sources and insights with me. Audrey Goodfriend, a spirited and generous ninety-one-year-old when I interviewed her at her Berkeley home in 2011, also did not live to see the finished product. This book is dedicated to their memories.

KENYON ZIMMER is an assistant professor of history at the University of Texas at Arlington.

THE WORKING CLASS IN AMERICAN HISTORY

Worker City, Company Town: Iron and Cotton-Worker Protest in Troy and Cohoes, New York, 185584 Daniel J. Walkowitz

Life, Work, and Rebellion in the Coal Fields: The Southern West Virginia Miners, 18801922 David Alan Corbin

Women and American Socialism, 18701920 Mari Jo Buhle

Lives of Their Own: Blacks, Italians, and Poles in Pittsburgh, 19001960 John Bodnar, Roger Simon, and Michael P. Weber

Working-Class America: Essays on Labor, Community, and American Society Edited by Michael H. Frisch and Daniel J. Walkowitz

Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist Nick Salvatore

American Labor and Immigration History, 18771920s: Recent European Research Edited by Dirk Hoerder

Workingmen's Democracy: The Knights of Labor and American Politics Leon Fink

The Electrical Workers: A History of Labor at General Electric and Westinghouse, 192360 Ronald W. Schatz

The Mechanics of Baltimore: Workers and Politics in the Age of Revolution, 17631812 Charles G. Steffen

The Practice of Solidarity: American Hat Finishers in the Nineteenth Century David Bensman

The Labor History Reader Edited by Daniel J. Leab

Solidarity and Fragmentation: Working People and Class Consciousness in Detroit, 18751900 Richard Oestreicher

Counter Cultures: Saleswomen, Managers, and Customers in American Department Stores, 18901940 Susan Porter Benson

The New England Working Class and the New Labor History Edited by Herbert G. Gutman and Donald H. Bell

Labor Leaders in America Edited by Melvyn Dubofsky and Warren Van Tine

Barons of Labor: The San Francisco Building Trades and Union Power in the Progressive Era Michael Kazin

Gender at Work: The Dynamics of Job Segregation by Sex during World War II Ruth Milkman

Once a Cigar Maker: Men, Women, and Work Culture in American Cigar Factories, 19001919 Patricia A. Cooper

A Generation of Boomers: The Pattern of Railroad Labor Conflict in Nineteenth-Century America Shelton Stromquist

Work and Community in the Jungle: Chicago's Packinghouse Workers, 18941922 James R. Barrett

Workers, Managers, and Welfare Capitalism: The Shoeworkers and Tanners of Endicott Johnson, 18901950 Gerald Zahavi

Men, Women, and Work: Class, Gender, and Protest in the New England Shoe Industry, 17801910 Mary Blewett

Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s Bruce Nelson

German Workers in Chicago: A Documentary History of Working-Class Culture from 1850 to World War I Edited by Hartmut Keil and John B. Jentz

On the Line: Essays in the History of Auto Work Edited by Nelson Lichtenstein and Stephen Meyer III

Labor's Flaming Youth: Telephone Operators and Worker Militancy, 18781923 Stephen H. Norwood

Another Civil War: Labor, Capital, and the State in the Anthracite Regions of Pennsylvania, 184068 Grace Palladino

Coal, Class, and Color: Blacks in Southern West Virginia, 191532 Joe William Trotter Jr.

For Democracy, Workers, and God: Labor Song-Poems and Labor Protest, 186595 Clark D. Halker

Dishing It Out: Waitresses and Their Unions in the Twentieth Century Dorothy Sue Cobble

The Spirit of 1848: German Immigrants, Labor Conflict, and the Coming of the Civil War Bruce Levine

Working Women of Collar City: Gender, Class, and Community in Troy, New York, 186486