Dangerous Trade
Dangerous Trade
ARMS EXPORTS, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION
Jennifer L. Erickson
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW YORK
Columbia University Press
Publishers Since 1893
New York Chichester, West Sussex
cup.columbia.edu
Copyright 2015 Columbia University Press
All rights reserved
E-ISBN 978-0-231-53903-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Erickson, Jennifer L., author.
Dangerous trade : arms exports, human rights, and international reputation / Jennifer L. Erickson.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-231-17096-3 (cloth : alk. paper)ISBN 978-0-231-53903-6 (e-book)
1. Arms transfersLaw and legislation 2. Arms control. 3. Export controls. 4. Human rights. I. Title.
K3924.M8E75 2015
382'.456234dc23
2014022403
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To my parents
CONTENTS
It is with deep gratitude and appreciation that I acknowledge the individuals whose support and feedback have made it possible for me to write this book. To my mentors at Cornell University in particular, I still cannot adequately express my thanks for their generosity of time, thorough comments, and steady support. They stretched me intellectually and gave me a research foundation on which I continue to rely. Peter Katzenstein is an unparalleled mentor, scholar, and teacher. I will always be grateful for his wisdom, knowledge, and guidance on the long road to Ithaka and beyond. The road has been a long one, and he has been there with me every step of the way. Christopher Way has given patient advice on statistics, invaluable commentary, and supportive conversation. Matthew Evangelistas thoughtful reading pointed me in theoretical and empirical directions that helped to shape the project from its early stages onward. I also thank Jonathan Kirshner for his sharp questions as external reader and his mentorship while I moved the project forward. This final product is incalculably better because of these individuals tireless efforts, and I cannot imagine having completed it without them.
As I have worked to complete the book, I was fortunate to start out at the Dickey Center for International Understanding at Dartmouth College, where I encountered a wonderful intellectual community among center fellows and the faculty in the Government Department. I am also grateful to Susan Shell and the administration at Boston College for allowing me to take that postdoc year and for their continued support ever since. Tim Crawford, Dave Deese, Jerry Easter, Peter Krause, and Bob Ross gave thoughtful comments on the project, and I have been continuously impressed by the challenging questions I received from my colleagues across departmental subfields at research presentations. I also thank Shirley Gee for her helpful administrative support and Caroline Tilden and Elizabeth Wall for their excellent assistance with additional data collection. Finally, I am grateful to the Institute for Quantitative Social Science at Harvard University, which provided me with office space and library access as I completed the penultimate draft of the manuscript.
For their generous financial support, I gratefully acknowledge the Peace Studies Program, the Institute for European Studies, the Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies, and the Graduate School, all at Cornell University, as well as the Einaudi Foundation of Turin and the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD). For providing me with institutional homes and intellectual communities during my time in the field, I thank the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, in particular Markus Kaim and Oliver Trnert for arranging my affiliation, as well as the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin and Michael Zrn for welcoming me to his research group there. I thank Mark Bromley at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute for so quickly and graciously providing some of the institutes data for my statistical analyses before its databases went online, for offering helpful advice in the early stages of the project, and for continuing to be a valued colleague. Finally, although they wished to remain nameless, I am deeply indebted to all of the individuals I interviewed in the course of my research. The knowledge and experiences they shared with me form the backbone of this project, and I am profoundly impressed by their energy and dedication to conventional arms control.
This book is immeasurably better because of the tremendous feedback I have received on it over the years from many individuals: Rawi Abdelal, Michal Ben-Josef Hirsch, Richard Bensel, Clifford Bob, Noelle Brigden, Steve Brooks, Michael Brzoska, Joshua Busby, Jeff Checkel, Danielle Cohen, Neil Cooper, M. Patrick Cotrell, Ben de Bivort, Barbara Frey, Denise Garcia, Eugene Gholz, Kelly Greenhill, Michael Herron, Ian Hurd, Keith Krause, Ulrich Krotz, Jennifer Lind, Nic Marsh, Manjari Chatterjee Miller, Sara Moorman, Melinda Negron, TV Paul, Tsveta Petrova, Daryl Press, Daniel Sledge, Sid Tarrow, Ben Valentino, Stfanie von Hlatky, Srdjan Vucetic, and Bill Wohlforth. I cannot thank all of them enough for finding the time and energy amid their own busy schedules to help me think and write about the project in a far better way than I could have done on my own.
Beyond this direct feedback, the conversations with and support from my friends and colleagues at Cornell, Dartmouth, and Boston College and in Berlin, Boston, and elsewhere have been both stimulating and inspiring. They have also made this process more creative and less lonely than it might otherwise have been: Peter Andreas, Phil Ayoub, Ameya Balsekar, Martin Binder, Jenny Stepp Breen, Noelle Brigden, Chia-chen Chou, Charlie Clements, Danielle Cohen, Marc DeVore, Jennifer Dixon, Molly Clark Dunigan, Daena Funahashi, Courtney Fung, Dave Glick, Owen Greene, Jennifer Hadden, Susanne Hansen, Kerstin Heidrich, Roland Hiemann, Stephanie Hofmann, Emilie Hodgin, Dave Hopkins, Julia Iverson, Jai Kwan Jung, Isaac Kamola, Daniel Kinderman, Gabi Kruks-Wisner, Serena Laws, Daniel Levine, Kristin McKie, Alison McQueen, Sara Moorman, Evelyn Krache Morris, Steve Nelson, Margarita Petrova, Tsveta Petrova, Barry Posen, Miranda Priebe, Leon Ratz, Jean-Marc Rickli, Zacc Ritter, Karthika Sasikumar, Oliver Schmidt, Anthony Seaboyer, Sylvia Sellers-Garcia, Lucia Seybert, Josh Shifrinson, Daniel Sledge, Michelle Smith, Monica Soare, Maria Sperandei, Anna Stavrianakis, Beth Tamayose, Jing Tao, Avery Udagawa, Bethany Vasecka, Lora Viola, Moritz Weiss, Rachel Whitlark, Cindy Williams, and Andrew Yeo. Special thanks go to Ben de Bivort, whose support, patience, and partnership helped keep me going during the long last legs of the writing process. All mistakes, of course, are my own, but the advice and support from all those individuals listed here and more have been invaluable to me.
I am grateful to my editor at Columbia University Press, Anne Routon, for her support and guidance, and to the staff at Columbia University Press for their ready assistance and responsiveness to my questions. I also thank my copy editor, Annie Barva, for her careful and thoughtful work in preparing the final manuscript.
