Neville A. Stanton - Trust in Military Teams

TRUST IN MILITARY TEAMS

Human Factors in Defence

Series Editors:

Dr Don Harris, Managing Director of HFI Solutions Ltd, UK
Professor Neville Stanton, Chair in Human Factors at the University of Southampton, UK
Dr Eduardo Salas, University of Central Florida, USA

Human factors is key to enabling todays armed forces to implement their vision to produce battle-winning people and equipment that are fit for the challenge of today, ready for the tasks of tomorrow and capable of building for the future (source: UK MoD). Modern armed forces fulfil a wider variety of roles than ever before. In addition to defending sovereign territory and prosecuting armed conflicts, military personnel are engaged in homeland defence and in undertaking peacekeeping operations and delivering humanitarian aid right across the world. This requires top class personnel, trained to the highest standards in the use of first class equipment. The military has long recognised that good human factors is essential if these aims are to be achieved.

The defence sector is` far and away the largest employer of human factors personnel across the globe and is the largest funder of basic and applied research. Much of this research is applicable to a wide audience, not just the military; this series aims to give readers access to some of this high quality work.

Ashgates Human Factors in Defence series comprises of specially commissioned books from internationally recognised experts in the field. They provide in-depth, authoritative accounts of key human factors issues being addressed by the defence industry across the world.

EDITED BY

NEVILLE A. STANTON

University of Southampton, UK

ASHGATE

Neville A. Stanton 2011

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.

Neville A. Stanton has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work.

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Trust in military teams. -- (Human factors in defence)

1. Trust (Psychology) 2. Combat--Psychological aspects.

3. Combined operations (Military science)--Psychological aspects. 4. Armed Forces--Equipment--Reliability.

5. Military art and science--Automation.

I. Series II. Stanton, Neville, 1960-355.0019-dc22

ISBN: 978-1-4094-0448-4 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-4094-0449-1 (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-4094-8670-1 (ebk-ePUB)

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Stanton, Neville, 1960

Trust in military teams / by Neville A. Stanton.

p. cm. -- (Human factors in defence)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4094-0448-4 (hbk) -- ISBN 978-1-4094-0449-1 1. Psychology, Military. 2. Sociology, Military. 3. Trust. 4. Teams in the workplace. 5. Military administration. 6. Soldiers--Psychology. 7. Military education. 8. Military research. 9. Multinational armed forces. 10. Military art and science--Technological innovations. I. Title.

U22.3.S73 2011

355.68--dc22

2011002283

Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group, UK.

Neville A. Stanton

Charlene K. Stokes, Joseph B. Lyons and Tamera R. Schneider

Joseph B. Lyons, Charlene K. Stokes and Tamera R. Schneider

Joseph B. Lyons, Gregory J. Funke, Alex Nelson and Benjamin A. Knott

Jessica L. Wildman, Stephen M. Fiore, C. Shawn Burke, Eduardo Salas and Sena Garven

Anna T. Cianciolo, Karen M. Evans, Arwen H. DeCostanza and Linda G. Pierce

Ritu Gill, Megan M. Thompson and Angela R. Febbraro

Sandra C. Hughes, Cecily E. E. McCoy, Gabriella Severe and Joan H. Johnston

Justin G. Hollands and Heather Neyedli

Paul M. Salmon, Neville A. Stanton, Guy Walker, Daniel Jenkins, Laura Rafferty and Kirsten Revell

Elisabeth W. Fitzhugh, Robert R. Hoffman and Janet E. Miller

A. J. Masys

Trust is has always been an important topic for military teams, as effective war-fighting means reliance upon the cooperation and collaboration of others. Trust seems especially important in contemporary operations for joint, multinational, coalition forces who are working with new technology and undertaking stabilisation and reconstruction activities. This is the focus of the book, reporting on investigations into trust between people, between and within teams, between and within organisations, and trust in technology. The book was conceived at a meeting of The Technical Cooperation Programme (TTCP: see http://www.dtic.mil/ttcp/) Human Resources and Performance Group Technical Panel 11 (HUM TP11) on Human Aspects of Command (chaired by Dr Joan Johnson (USA) with panel members Dr Jay Goodwin (USA), Dr Dan McDonald (USA), Dr Beejal Mistry (UK), Dr Matthew Duncan (Canada), L.Col Jeff Stouffer (Canada), and Dr Glen Smith (Australia). It was agreed that all of the TTCP nations would contribute chapters indicative of some of the work that they were conducting on trust in military teams. By way of a brief historical background, TTCP formally came to life on 25 October 1957, when the then President of the United States and Prime Minister of Great Britain made the following statement:

The arrangements which the nations of the free world have made for collective defence and mutual help are based on the recognition that the concept of national self-sufficiency is now out of date. The countries of the free world are interdependent and only in genuine partnership, by combining their resources and sharing tasks in many fields, can progress and safety be found. For our part we have agreed that our two countries will henceforth act in accordance with this principle.

The USA and UK were joined by Canada to form the Tripartite Technical Cooperation Programme. Australia joined in 1965, and New Zealand joined in 1969. These five nations form the current membership, and the organization now called The Technical Cooperation Programme (TTCP). The twin ideas of collective defence and mutual help are just as pertinent today as they were over 50 years ago, as we are observing in stabilisation, peacekeeping and disaster relief operations all over the world. It is a fitting tribute to these joint, multinational, coalition operations that HUM TP11 has collectively produced material for this book, so that we may benefit from the research of each nation. The book begins with an introduction to the domain as well as providing an overview and summary of the contributions. The book has been divided into three main sections: Experimental Studies into Mood, Personality and Training; Multinational Challenges for Trust; and Trust in Technology. It is expected that the reader will select the sections relevant to their work, dipping into chapters as appropriate.

Professor Neville A. Stanton, PhD.