Shima D. Keene - Threat Finance: Disconnecting the Lifeline of Organised Crime and Terrorism

Threat Finance

I dedicate this book in loving memory to my late father Professor Dennis Keene, scholar, poet, translator and philosopher

Also a wonderful father, mentor and my dearest friend and an epitome of all in life that is pure and good.

Thank you.

Until we meet again

Disconnecting the Lifeline of Organised Crime and Terrorism

DR SHIMA D. KEENE

GOWER

Dr Shima D. Keene 2012

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.

Dr Shima D. Keene has asserted her moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work.

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Keene, Shima D.

Threat finance : understanding and countering the finance of organised crime and terrorism.

1. Terrorism Finance Prevention. 2. Terrorism investigation.

I. Title

363.32517dc23

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Keene, Shima D.

Threat finance : disconnecting the lifeline of organised crime and terrorism / by Shima D. Keene.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4094-5309-3 (hbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4094-5310-9 (ebook)

1. Terrorism Finance. 2. Organized crime Finance. 3. Commercial crime Prevention.

I. Title.

HV6431.K385 2012

363.325dc23

2012019100

ISBN 9781409453093 (hbk)

ISBN 9781409453109 (ebk-PDF)
ISBN 9781409483700 (ebk-ePUB)

Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group, UK

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R v Governor of Brixton Prison [1997] 3 WLR 117

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R v Tsouli [2007] EWCA Crim 3300

R v Tsouli [2008] 2 Cr App Rep (S) 247

R v Tsouli and others [2007] All ER (D) 277 (Dec)

R (on the application of Youssef) v HM Treasury [2010] UKSC 2

United States of America v Usama bin Laden et al. (2001) 538 F.3d 71

United States v Royer (2008) 549 F.3d 886

United States v $4,255,625.39 (1982) 551 FSupp 314

Al-Qaida and Taliban (UN Measures) Order 2006

Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001

Asset-Freezing Act 2010

Computer Misuse Act 1990

Counter Terrorism Act 2008

Criminal (International Co-operation) Act 2003

Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990

Criminal Justice Act 1987

Criminal Justice Act 1988

Criminal Justice Act 1993

Data Protection Act 1998

Drug Trafficking Act 1994

Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986

EC Regulation 2580/2001

European Convention on Human Rights 1950

Executive Order 13224 (US)

Extradition Act 1989

Financial Services Act 1986

Financial Services and Market Act 2000

Freedom of Information Act 2000

Human Rights Act 1998

Intelligence Services Act 1994

Interception of Communications Act 1985

Misuse of Drugs Act 1971

Money Laundering Regulations 1993

Money Laundering Regulations 2003

Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005

Proceeds of Crime Act 2002

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Maintenance of Interception Capability) Order 2002 Security Service Act 1989

Security Service Act 1996

Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005

Terrorism Act 2000

Terrorism Order 2006

Terrorism (UN Measures) Order 2001 (SI 2001/3365)

Terrorist Asset Freezing Act 2010

Theft Act 1968

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1371 (2001)

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 (September 2001)

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1452 (2002)

USA PATRIOT Act 2001

Shima Keene is a security advisor and scholar practitioner specialising in Threat Finance, advising and working closely with numerous government departments, the military, law enforcement and judiciaries around the globe. She also advises and provides high level security related education to numerous private sector organisations in a variety of industry sectors to include finance, aviation, oil and gas, insurance and telecommunications. In addition, Shima is a Subject Matter Expert to international defence and security organisations such as NATO, the Organisation for Security and Co-operation (OSCE) and the Council of Europe, and serves as an Expert Witness to the Crown Prosecution Service on matters relating to the financial aspects of organised crime and terrorism.