Jeffreys-Jones Rhodri - American-British-Canadian intelligence relations 1939-2000

CASS SERIES: STUDIES IN INTELLIGENCE

(Series Editors: Christopher Andrew and Michael I. Handel;

Wesley K. Wark and Richard J. Aldrich)

ISSN 1368-9916

American-British-Canadian Intelligence Relations 19392000

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Knowing Your Friends: Intelligence Inside Alliances and Coalitions from 1914 to the Cold War edited by Martin S. Alexander

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American-British-Canadian Intelligence Relations 19392000

Editors

DAVID STAFFORD

RHODRI JEFFREYS-JONES

(University of Edinburgh)

First published 2000 by Frank Cass Publishers

This edition published 2013 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon 0X14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 2000 Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

American British Canadian intelligence relations, 19392000. (Studies in intelligence)

1. Security, International 2. Intelligence service Great Britain History 20th century 3. Intelligence service United States History 20th century 4. Intelligence service Canada History 20th century 5. Great Britain Foreign relations United States 6. United States Foreign relations Great Britain 7. Great Britain Foreign relations Canada 8. Canada Foreign relations Great Britain 9. Canada Foreign relations United States 10. United States Foreign relations Canada I. Strafford, David II. Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri

ISBN 0 7146 5103 6 (cloth)

ISBN 0 7146 8142 3 (paper)

ISSN 1368-9916

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

American British Canadian intelligence relations, 19392000 / editors, David Stafford, Rhoddri Jeffreys-Jones.

p. cm. (Cass series studies in intelligence, ISSN 1368-9916)

From a colloquium held at the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities at the University of Edinburgh, 1999.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-7146-5103-6(cloth) ISBN 0-7146-8142-3 (pbk.)

1. Intelligence service United States Great Britain Case studies. 2. Intelligence service Canada Case studies. 3. Intelligence service Great Britain Case studies. I. Stafford, David. II. Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri. III. Series.

JK468.16 A838 2000

327.12 dc21

00-043189

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

This group of studies first appeared in a Special Issue on American-British-Canadian Intelligence Relations 1939-2000 of Intelligence and National Security 15/2 (Summer 2000) published by Frank Cass (ISSN 0268-4527).

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher of this book.

Contents

Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones and David Stafford

Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones

Roderick Bailey

David Stafford

Stephen Budiansky

Paul Maddrell

W. Scott Lucas and Alistair Morey

James G. Hershberg

Reg Whitaker

Bruce Craig

Stuart Farson

Douglas Charles

This collection of essays originated in a colloquium held at the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities (IASH) at the University of Edinburgh on 1 May 1999. Neither the colloquium nor the publication would have been possible without the generous support of the universitys Faculty of Arts. The editors are grateful to the Dean of the Faculty, Dr Frances Dow, for her initiative in making funds available for the special project, and for her constant encouragement and support throughout. The Director of IASH, Professor Peter Jones, facilitated the project and chaired the colloquium, and the Secretary of IASH, Mrs Anthea Taylor, ran the practical side of the colloquium with supreme efficiency. Once the colloquium was over, Professor Wesley Wark of the University of Toronto, then a Fellow at IASH, helped the editors to choose contributors to the projected volume. Another colloquium participant, the intelligence historian Ralph Erskine, also generously made several valuable suggestions both in Edinburgh and after his return to Northern Ireland. The editors are thankful to all these individuals, as they are to Mr Randal Gray for guiding their project through the publication process at Frank Cass.

RHODRI JEFFREYS-JONES and DAVID STAFFORD

In his contribution to this volume, Stephen Budiansky quotes a letter home from a British intelligence officer who had arrived in Washington in July 1942:

You must have noticed yourself how very many childish qualities the American male has: his taste in women, motor-cars, and drink, his demonstrative patriotism, his bullying assertion of his Rights . Hell! anyone would think I didnt like them.

Later in his essay, he notes the reaction of an American counterpart a few years later: What we ultimately want is independence.

As even these brief illustrations reveal, the American-British intelligence relationship is not just interesting, but complex. If you add Canada to the formula, giving the acronym ABC, both the complexity and significance of the North Atlantic intelligence triangle become still more evident. Yet, perhaps because of the deterring effect of complexity, ABC intelligence is an underexplored subject in spite of its intrinsic interest. True, as shown in Doug Charless historiographical contribution to this volume, scholarship on the ABC intelligence relationship is moving beyond its primitive, hero-worshipping stage. Instead of focusing on the real or dubious claims made for charismatic individuals, notably the Canadian William Stephenson who strove to further British-American wartime cooperation, historians have now broadened the base of their enquiries to look at problems such as cooperation in codebreaking. But the study of bilateral intelligence relations, let alone the triangular relationship, remains in its infancy.

Nevertheless, research is under way and, as documents continue to be declassified, it will no doubt gather pace. The purpose of this collection of essays is to give an airing to some of the scholarship currently in progress on various dimensions of the ABC relationship. The aim is to open up further an important field, to sort out some of the myths from the realities, to enquire into the functions of those myths, and to ventilate some hypotheses. A final objective is to bring to the fore, in the company of some senior scholars, the work of members of the new and rising generation such as Douglas Charles and Roderick Bailey.