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Reiff Joseph T. - Born of conviction : white Methodists and Mississippis closed society

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Reiff Joseph T. Born of conviction : white Methodists and Mississippis closed society
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Winner of the Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters Nonfiction Award
The dominant narrative of the role of white citizens and the white church in Mississippis civil rights era focuses on their intense resistance to change. The Born of Conviction statement, signed by twenty-eight white Methodist pastors and published in the Mississippi Methodist Advocate on January 2, 1963, offered an alternative witness to the segregationist party line. Calling for freedom of the pulpit and reminding readers of the Methodist Disciplines claim that the teachings of Jesus permit no discrimination because of race, color, or creed, the pastors sought to speak to and for a mostly silent yet significant minority of Mississippians, and to lead white Methodists to join the conversation on the need for racial justice. The document additionally expressed support for public schools and opposition to any attempt to close them, and affirmed the signers opposition to Communism. Though a few individuals, both laity and clergy, voiced public affirmation of Born of Conviction, the overwhelming reaction was negative-by mid-1964, eighteen of the signers had left Mississippi, evidence of the challenges faced by whites who offered even mild dissent to massive resistance in the Deep South.
Dominant narratives, however, rarely tell the whole story. The statement caused a significant crack in the public unanimity of Mississippi white resistance. Signers and their public supporters also received private messages of gratitude for their stand, and eight of the signers would remain in the Methodist ministry in Mississippi until retirement. Born of Conviction tells the story of the Twenty-Eight illuminating the impact on the larger culture of this attempt by white clergy to support race relations change. The book explores the theological and ethical understandings of the signers through an account of their experiences before, during, and after the statements publication. It also offers a detailed portrait of both public and private expressions of the theology and ethics of white Mississippi Methodists in general, as revealed by their responses to the Born of Conviction controversy.

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Born of Conviction

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Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries.

Published in the United States of America by
Oxford University Press
198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America

Oxford University Press 2016

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.

Cover photograph Flip Schulke

New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Reiff, Joseph T.
Born of conviction : white Methodists and Mississippis closed society / Joseph T. Reiff.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 9780190246815 (cloth : alk. paper)
eISBN 9780190246839
1.Methodist ChurchMississippiHistory.2.Race relationsReligious aspectsMethodist Church.3.MississippiChurch history. 4.Gulfport (Miss.)History.I.Title.
BX8248.M7R45 2016
287'.676209046dc23
2015007682

To my parents,

Lee H. Reiff and Geraldine Long Reiff,

whose words and example taught me to give true respect to all persons,

in Mississippi and throughout the world;

and to my wife,

Betty Clark Reiff,

whose tenacious love and support have sustained me in our partnership in marriage, parenting, ministry, and life in and beyond Mississippi

Then Jesus said to them, Prophets are not without honor, except in their hometown, and among their own kin, and in their own house.

MARK 6:4, NRSV

Contents
The twenty-eight signers in signature order, church served in 19623, and left or stayed?

*Jerry Furr, associate pastor at Galloway Memorial, Jackson; left Mississippi in 1963

*Maxie D. Dunnam, pastor at Trinity, Gulfport; left Mississippi in 1964

*Jim L. Waits, pastor at Epworth, Biloxi; left Mississippi in 1965/1967 M

*O. Gerald Trigg, pastor at Caswell Springs, Jackson County; left Mississippi in 1964 M

James B. Nicholson, pastor at Byram; left Mississippi in 1963

Buford A. Dickinson, pastor at Decatur; left Mississippi in 1964

James S. Conner, pastor at Brandon; stayed M

J. W. Holston, pastor at Carthage; left Mississippi in 1963 M

James P. Rush, pastor at Philadelphia Circuit, Neshoba County; left Mississippi in 1963 M

Edward W. McRae, pastor at Oakland Heights, Meridian; left Mississippi in 1963

**Joseph C. Way, pastor at Soules Chapel, Lauderdale County; left Mississippi in 1964 M

***Wallace E. Roberts, pastor at Vimville, Lauderdale County; left Mississippi in 1963 M

Summer Walters, associate pastor at Jefferson Street, Natchez; left Mississippi in 1963 M

Bill Lampton, pastor at Pisgah, Pike County; left Mississippi in 1963 M

Marvin Moody, pastor at Oak Grove, Lamar County; left Mississippi in 1963/1964

Keith Tonkel, pastor at Guinn Memorial, Gulfport; stayed M

John Ed Thomas, associate pastor at First, Gulfport; stayed M

Inman Moore Jr., pastor at Leggett Memorial, Biloxi; left Mississippi in 1963 M

Denson Napier, pastor at Richton; stayed

Rod Entrekin, pastor at Wesson; stayed M

Harold Ryker, pastor at Beauvoir, Biloxi; stayed

N. A. Dickson, pastor at First, Columbia; stayed M

Ned Kellar, pastor at Sandersville; left Mississippi in 1963

Powell Hall, pastor at Scooba; left Mississippi in 1971

Elton Brown, pastor at Lovely Lane, Natchez; stayed M

****Bufkin Oliver, pastor at Ellisville; left Mississippi in 1963 M

Jack Troutman, pastor at Big Point, Jackson County; left Mississippi in 1964

Wilton Carter, pastor at Lake; left Mississippi in 1963

*Creators of the statement M = Millsaps College graduate

**Never transferred out of Conference; returned to Mississippi in 1987

***Went to seminary in 1963; transferred to North Mississippi Conference upon return to Mississippi in 1966

****Returned to North Mississippi Conference in 1967

Other important characters

Marvin A. Franklin, bishop of white Mississippi and North Mississippi Conferences, 194864

Edward J. Pendergrass Jr., bishop of white Mississippi and North Mississippi Conferences, 196472

J. Willard Leggett Jr., Jackson District Superintendent, 195965; conference political leader and opponent of Born of Conviction M

Sam E. Ashmore, Editor, Mississippi Methodist Advocate, 195566; public supporter of Born of Conviction M

J. P. Stafford, Mississippi Conference Lay Leader, 194764; public supporter of Born of Conviction

W. B. Selah, senior pastor at Galloway Memorial, Jackson, 194563; public supporter of Born of Conviction

Roy C. Clark, senior pastor at Capitol Street, Jackson, 195363; supporter of Born of Conviction M

BOPBishops Office Papers, J. B. Cain Archives of Mississippi Methodism, Millsaps College
CMEChristian Methodist Episcopal Church (formerly Colored Methodist Episcopal)
COFOCouncil of Federated Organizations
CORECongress of Racial Equality
DHMississippi Coast Daily Herald
DMCDiscipline of The Methodist Church, 194064
DUMCDiscipline of The United Methodist Church, 1968present
GMGeneral Minutes of The Methodist Church or The United Methodist Church
JBCAJ. B. Cain Archives of Mississippi Methodism, Millsaps College
JCLJackson Clarion-Ledger
JDNJackson Daily News
JMCJournal of the Mississippi Conference, SEJ, 193968
JPSJackson (Mississippi) Public Schools
JSCACJournal of the Southern California-Arizona Conference
MAMMLMississippi Association of Methodist Ministers and Laymen
MCAMillsaps College Archives
MCHRMississippi Council on Human Relations
MCJMississippi Conference Journal, SEJ
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