Martin Goodman - A History of Judaism

Martin Goodman

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A HISTORY OF JUDAISM

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India | New Zealand | South Africa

Allen Lane is part of the Penguin Random House group of companies whose addresses can be found at global.penguinrandomhouse.com

First published 2017

Copyright Martin Goodman, 2017

The moral right of the author has been asserted

Cover: Detail from the Cervera Bible, c.1300 AD. Representation of the Prophet Zachariahs vision of a menorah between two olive trees. Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. Photograph Werner Forman Archive / Bridgeman Images.

ISBN: 978-0-141-97841-3

. The Near East in the Second Millennium BCE

. The Jewish World in 300 BCE

. The Land of Israel According to the Bible

. The Jewish World in the First Century CE

. The Land of Israel in the First Century CE

. The Jewish World in the Sixth Century CE

. The Jewish World in 1200 CE

. The Jewish World in 1500 CE

. The Jewish World in 1800 CE

. The Jewish World in 1880 CE

. The Jewish World in 1930 CE

. The Jewish World in 2000 CE

are after N. de Lange, Atlas of the Jewish World (Oxford and New York, 1984).

. Silver scroll c. 600 BCE found in a burial chamber at Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem. (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem/Bridgeman Images)

. Interior of head tefillin capsule of the first century CE, probably from Qumran. (BibleLandPictures.com/Alamy)

. Scroll of the book of Isaiah, c. 125 BCE, discovered in Qumran. (BibleLandPictures.com/Alamy)

. Warning inscription from the balustrade in the Temple. (Istanbul Museum of Archaeology/Holy Land Photos)

. The Temple Mount, Jerusalem. (Robert Harding/Alamy)

. The Western Wall, Jerusalem. (Lucas Vallecillos/Alamy)

. The faade of the Jerusalem Temple depicted on a tetradrachm minted by Jewish rebels in Judaea, 132 CE. (Eddie Gerald/Alamy)

. Carved stone block from Migdal in Galilee depicting a menorah. (BibleLandPictures.com/Alamy)

. Masada. (Nathan Benn/Alamy)

. Part of the book of Ben Sira (Ecclesiasticus) found at Masada. ( Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority, the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library)

. Qumran. (Novarc Images/Alamy)

. The Great Psalms Scroll, first half of the first century CE, found at Qumran. (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel/Bridgeman Images)

. Stone vessels from Jerusalem in the late Second Temple period. (Zev Radovan/Bridgeman Images)

. Mikveh, first century CE, at Qumran. (Pascal Deloche/Getty Images)

. Glass vessel depicting a Torah ark and a menorah, from Rome, fourth century CE. (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel/Bridgeman Images)

. Moses leading the children of Israel out of Egypt, wall painting from Dura Europos, Syria, mid-third century CE. (ART Collection /Alamy)

. Floor mosaic, from the synagogue at Hamat Tiberias in Galilee, fourth century CE. (BibleLandPictures.com/Alamy)

. Floor mosaic depicting David, from a synagogue in Gaza, sixth century CE. (BibleLandPictures.com/Alamy)

. Bronze magic bowl from Babylonia, fifthsixth century CE. (Zev Radovan/Bridgeman Images)

. Halakhic mosaic floor inscription from Rehov synagogue, sixth century CE. (Amirki/Wikimedia Commons)

. Marble table in the synagogue at Sardis, fourth century CE. (BibleLandPictures.com/Alamy)

. Lid of the sarcophagus of Faustina, a Jewish woman buried in Rome, probably in the late third century CE. (Ryan Baumann)

. Maimonides autograph draft of a section of his Mishneh Torah, found in the Cairo Genizah, c. 1180. ( Bodleian Library, University of Oxford)

. Part of a marriage contract in Hebrew, Aramaic and Judeo-Arabic, between a Karaite woman and a Rabbanite man, written in 1082 CE, probably in Cairo. Cambridge University Library, Taylor-Schechter Collection, T-S 24.1 fol 1r. (Reproduced by kind permission of The Syndics of Cambridge University Library)

. The synagogue of El Transito in Toledo, fourteenth century. (Frdric Reglain/Getty Images)

. Stucco work in the interior of the El Transito synagogue, Toledo. (age fotostock/Alamy)

. The Altneuschul in Prague, 1270. (Oyvind Holmstad/Wikimedia Commons)

. The New Synagogue in Oranienburger Strasse, Berlin, painting by Emile Pierre Joseph de Cauwer, c. 1866. (Art Collection4/Alamy)

. The Portugese Esnoga in Amsterdam, undated painting. (Zev Radovan/Bridgeman Images)

. Bevis Marks synagogue, London, 1701. (Grant Smith/Alamy)

. Image of the Pesach Seder from the Sarajevo Haggadah, mid-fourteenth century. (Zev Radovan/Bridgeman Images)

. Page of the Babylonian Talmud printed by Daniel Bomberg in Venice in 1519. (Sothebys, New York)

. The system of sefirot from the kabbalistic work Shaarei Orah (Gates of Light), 1516, by Joseph b. Abraham Gikatilla. (Leemage/Bridgeman Images)

. Sabbetai Zevi enthroned as King, 1666. (Lebrecht Collection/Alamy)

. Wine and candle for the havdalah ceremony, miniature from the Barcelona Haggadah, fourteenth century. British Library, London, Add. 14761, fol.26. ( British Library Board. All Rights Reserved/Bridgeman Images)

. Spice boxes of pewter and silver made in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Germany and Eastern Europe for the havdalah ceremony. (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel/The Stieglitz Collection/Bridgeman Images)

. A Circumcision, 1780, by Marco Marcuola. (Muse dArt et dHistoire Judasme, Paris)

. Benedict Spinoza, Dutch school, sixteenth century. (Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbttel/Bridgeman Images)

. A Dutch Jew, seventeenth century. ( Photo R.M.N., Paris, on behalf of Muse dArt et dHistoire Judasme, Paris)

. Megillah of the Book of Esther for use on Purim, Dutch, eighteenth century. (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem/Bridgeman Images)

. Moses Mendelssohn, 1771, by Anton Graff. (Sammlungen der Universitt, Leipzig/Getty Images)

. Frontispiece of the first edition of Mendelssohns Jerusalem, 1783. (Private collection)

. Print celebrating Napoleons reinstatement of Jewish religion on 30 May 1806 by Louis Franois Couch. (Bibliothque Nationale, Paris/akg-images)

. Wooden sukkah, second half of the nineteenth century, from Fischach, Germany. (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem/Bridgeman Images)

. Shabbat in the Shtetl, c. 1914, by Issachar Ber Ryback. (Yale Yiddish Book Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscripts Library. Call Number: 2007 Folio 18)

. Pair of silver rimmonim (Torah finials) in the form of a pagoda, late nineteenth century. (Muse dArt et dHistoire Judasme, Paris)

. Torah case from Yemen, nineteenth century. (BibleLandPictures.com/Alamy)

. Curtain hung in front of the Torah ark, North Africa, twentieth century. (Muse dArt et dHistoire Judasme, Paris)

. Mass gathering of Satmar hasidim in Brooklyn, 2015. (Darren Ornitz/Reuters)

. Lubavitch student in Brooklyn under a portrait of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, 2004. (Mark Boster/ Getty Images)

. Girls at a bat mitzvah celebration, Manhattan, 1998. (Mark Peterson/Getty Images)

. Torah scrolls carried in procession, Pinner, United Kingdom, 1993. (Geoffrey Shalet/Ark Religion.com/Art Directors & Trip Photo Library)