BUDDHISM
THE BASICS
Buddhism: The Basics provides a thorough and accessible introduction to a fascinating religion. Examining the historical development of Buddhism and its presence today, this guide covers:
principal traditions
practices and beliefs
ethical guidelines and philosophy
religious texts
community
With helpful features including a detailed map of the Buddhist world, glossary of terms, and tips for further study, this is an ideal text for students and interested readers wanting to familiarise themselves with the Buddhist faith.
Cathy Cantwell is an academic researcher at the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford. She specialises in Tibetan Buddhism, and has worked on eleventh-century manuscripts, an eighteenth-century scriptural collection, and contemporary Buddhist ritual manuals and practice. She has taught widely in UK Higher Education and is joint author of Early Tibetan Documents on Phur pa from Dunhuang.
The Basics
ANTHROPOLOGY
PETER METCALF
ARCHAEOLOGY (SECOND EDITION)
CLIVE GAMBLE
ART HISTORY
GRANT POOKE AND DIANA NEWALL
BLUES
DICK WEISSMAN
BUDDHISM
CATHY CANTWELL
CRIMINOLOGY
SANDRA WALKLATE
ECONOMICS
TONY CLEAVER
EUROPEAN UNION (SECOND EDITION)
ALEX WARLEIGH-LACK
FILM STUDIES
AMY VILLAREJO
FINANCE
ERIK BANKS
FOLK MUSIC
RONALD COHEN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
PETER SUTCH AND JUANITA ELIAS
INTERNET
JASON WHITTAKER
ISLAM
COLIN TURNER
JAZZ
CHRISTOPHER MEEDER
JUDAISM
JACOB NEUSNER
LANGUAGE (SECOND EDITION)
R.L. TRASK
LITERARY THEORY (SECOND EDITION)
HANS BERTENS
MANAGEMENT
MORGEN WITZEL
MARKETING (SECOND EDITION)
KARL MOORE AND NIKETH PAREEK
OPERA
DENISE GALLO
PHILOSOPHY (FOURTH EDITION)
NIGEL WARBURTON
POETRY
JEFFREY WAINWRIGHT
POLITICS (FOURTH EDITION)
STEPHEN TANSEY AND NIGEL JACKSON
THE QURAN
MASSIMO CAMPANINI
RELIGION (SECOND EDITION)
MALORY NYE
ROMAN CATHOLICISM
MICHAEL WALSH
SEMIOTICS (SECOND EDITION)
DANIEL CHANDLER
SHAKESPEARE (SECOND EDITION)
SEAN MCEVOY
SOCIOLOGY
MARTIN ALBROW
TELEVISION STUDIES
TOBY MILLER
THEATRE STUDIES
ROBERT LEACH
WORLD MUSIC
RICHARD NIDEL
BUDDHISM
THE BASICS
cathy cantwell
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2010
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
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This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010.
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2010 Cathy Cantwell
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cantwell, Cathy.
Buddhism : the basics / Cathy Cantwell.
p. cm. (The basics)
1. Buddhism. I. Title.
BQ4012.C36 2009
294.3dc22
2009002030
ISBN 0-203-87425-0 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0-415-40879-2 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0-415-40880-6 (pbk)
ISBN10: 0-203-87425-0 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-40879-0 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-40880-6 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-87425-7 (ebk)
CONTENTS
Map of Buddhism in Asia Showing the main directions of the historical spread of Buddhism, and the approximate locations of the major Buddhist regions in the modern world
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Professor Peter Harvey for his detailed and very helpful comments on a draft of this book. I am also grateful to others who commented on selected sections: Frederick Chen, Lance Cousins, Angie Cantwell, and Robert Mayer, and also to the publishers anonymous reviewers, who provided useful feedback at an early stage. Errors and shortcomings remain my own.
INTRODUCTION
HOW PERENNIAL ARE THE BASICS OF BUDDHISM?
A Buddhist friend of mine commented, on hearing that I was writing on the Basics of Buddhism, that the task must be utterly different from writing on many other academic subject areas. For Buddhism, the Basics are constant, he reasoned, quite different from a subject such as Sociology, which changes all the time. He had a good point: as in most religions, in their attitudes to their spiritual heritage, Buddhists hold that the Buddha Dharma, the essential truths revealed by the Buddha, are timeless and unchanging. These teachings will certainly be explored in this book, but it is quite likely that the Basics as presented here will look at least a little different from how the Basics might have looked thirty years ago or indeed, how they might look in thirty years time. Why should this be so?
One reason is the state of Buddhist Studies as an academic discipline as opposed to Buddhism as a religious path. The teachings may change little, but our knowledge and understandings of them change and develop. In the early twentieth century, beyond its Asian heartlands, knowledge of Buddhism was sparse. The work of translating the major collections of texts into European languages was in its infancy, and nineteenth-century archaeological discoveries in India had just begun to uncover evidence that allowed glimpses of the early history of Buddhism. It was not until the second part of the twentieth century that Buddhist Studies began to flourish in various university departments throughout Western countries, not only in the relative obscurity of specialist schools for classical Oriental languages, but in Religious Studies, Anthropology, Philosophy, and Asian Studies. Much has been achieved but there are many more discoveries to be made, historical understandings to be clarified, more of the extensive textual corpus to be edited and translated, as well as the social and practice dimensions of Buddhist communities to be further explored. The picture we now have of the Basics of Buddhism has developed a good deal, and it is inevitable that that picture will be further added to, and perhaps even transformed by those additions.
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