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Benatar The human predicament: a candid guide to lifes biggest questions
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Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication
Contents
Preface

A Readers Guide

1. Introduction

Lifes big questions

Pessimism and optimism

The human predicament and the animal predicament

To tell or not to tell?

Lifes big questions

Pessimism and optimism

The human predicament and the animal predicament

To tell or not to tell?

2. Meaning

Introduction
Understanding the question

The (somewhat) good news

Meaning sub specie hominis

Meaning sub specie communitatis

Meaning sub specie humanitatis

Conclusion

Meaning sub specie hominis

Meaning sub specie communitatis

Meaning sub specie humanitatis

Conclusion

Introduction
Understanding the question

The (somewhat) good news

Meaning sub specie hominis

Meaning sub specie communitatis

Meaning sub specie humanitatis

Conclusion

Meaning sub specie hominis

Meaning sub specie communitatis

Meaning sub specie humanitatis

Conclusion

3. Meaninglessness

The bad news

The theistic gambit

Natures purposes

Scarce value

Discounting the cosmic perspective

Focusing on terrestrial meaning

Sour grapes and varieties of meaning worth wanting

Conclusion

The bad news

The theistic gambit

Natures purposes

Scarce value

Discounting the cosmic perspective

Focusing on terrestrial meaning

Sour grapes and varieties of meaning worth wanting

Conclusion

4. Quality

The meaning and the quality of life

Why peoples judgments about the quality of their lives are unreliable The poor quality of human life

Why there is more bad than good

Secular optimistic theodicies

Conclusion

The meaning and the quality of life

Why peoples judgments about the quality of their lives are unreliable The poor quality of human life

Why there is more bad than good

Secular optimistic theodicies

Conclusion

5. Death

Introduction

Is death bad?

Hedonism (and its discontents)

The deprivation account

Annihilation

When is death bad for the person who dies?

The symmetry argument

Taking Epicureans seriously?

Hedonism (and its discontents)

The deprivation account

Annihilation

When is death bad for the person who dies?

The symmetry argument

Taking Epicureans seriously?

How bad are different deaths?

Living in the shadow of death

Introduction

Is death bad?

Hedonism (and its discontents)

The deprivation account

Annihilation

When is death bad for the person who dies?

The symmetry argument

Taking Epicureans seriously?

Hedonism (and its discontents)

The deprivation account

Annihilation

When is death bad for the person who dies?

The symmetry argument

Taking Epicureans seriously?

How bad are different deaths?

Living in the shadow of death

6. Immortality

Delusions and fantasies of immortality

Sour grapes

Conclusion

Delusions and fantasies of immortality

Sour grapes

Conclusion

7. Suicide

Introduction

Responding to common arguments against suicide

Suicide as murder

Suicide as irrational

Suicide as unnatural

Suicide as cowardice

Interests of others

The finality of death

Suicide as murder

Suicide as irrational

Suicide as unnatural

Suicide as cowardice

Interests of others

The finality of death

Broadening the case for suicide

A more accurate assessment of lifes quality

Does meaninglessness in life warrant suicide?

Restoring an individuals control

A more accurate assessment of lifes quality

Does meaninglessness in life warrant suicide?

Restoring an individuals control

Conclusion

Introduction

Responding to common arguments against suicide

Suicide as murder

Suicide as irrational

Suicide as unnatural

Suicide as cowardice

Interests of others

The finality of death

Suicide as murder

Suicide as irrational

Suicide as unnatural

Suicide as cowardice

Interests of others

The finality of death

Broadening the case for suicide

A more accurate assessment of lifes quality

Does meaninglessness in life warrant suicide?

Restoring an individuals control

A more accurate assessment of lifes quality

Does meaninglessness in life warrant suicide?

Restoring an individuals control

Conclusion

8. Conclusion

The human predicament in a nutshell

Pessimism and optimism (again)

Responding to the human predicament

The human predicament in a nutshell

Pessimism and optimism (again)

Responding to the human predicament

Notes

Bibliography

Index

THE HUMAN PREDICAMENT

THE HUMAN PREDICAMENT

A Candid Guide to Lifes Biggest Questions

David Benatar

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries.

Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.

Oxford University Press 2017

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Benatar, David, author.

Title: The human predicament : a candid guide to lifes biggest questions / by David Benatar.

Description: New York : Oxford University Press, 2017.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016048629 | ISBN 9780190633813 (hardcover : alk. paper) | eISBN 9780190633837

Subjects: LCSH: Life. | Meaning (Philosophy)

Classification: LCC BD435 .B44 2017 | DDC 128dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016048629

To family and friends, who palliate my predicament.

CONTENTS

Preface

A Readers Guide

1. Introduction

Lifes big questions

Pessimism and optimism

The human predicament and the animal predicament

To tell or not to tell?

2. Meaning

Introduction
Understanding the question

The (somewhat) good news

Meaning sub specie hominis

Meaning sub specie communitatis

Meaning sub specie humanitatis

Conclusion

3. Meaninglessness

The bad news

The theistic gambit

Natures purposes

Scarce value

Discounting the cosmic perspective

Focusing on terrestrial meaning

Sour grapes and varieties of meaning worth wanting

Conclusion

4. Quality

The meaning and the quality of life

Why peoples judgments about the quality of their lives are unreliable The poor quality of human life

Why there is more bad than good

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