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The Reality of the Historical Past Aquinas Lecture ; 1984
author
:
Ricoeur, Paul.
publisher
:
Marquette University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0874621526
print isbn13
:
9780874621525
ebook isbn13
:
9780585141350
language
:
English
subject
History--Philosophy.
publication date
:
1984
lcc
:
D16.8.R56 1984eb
ddc
:
901
subject
:
History--Philosophy.
Page iii
The Aquinas Lecture, 1984
The Reality of the Historical Past
Under the Auspices of the Wisconsin-Alpha Chapter of Phi Sigma Tau
by Paul Ricoeur
Marquette University Press Milwaukee 1984
Page iv
Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 84-060012
Copyright 1984 Marquette University
ISBN 0-87462-152-6
Page v
Prefatory
The Wisconsin-Alpha Chapter of Phi Sigma Tau, the National Honor Society for Philosophy at Marquette University, each year invites a scholar to deliver a lecture in honor of St. Thomas Aquinas.
The 1984 Aquinas Lecture The Reality of the Historical Past was delivered in the Todd Wehr Chemistry Building on Sunday, February 26, 1984, by Paul Ricoeur, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Paris.
Professor Ricoeur was born in Valence, France in 1913. He attended the University of Rennes and then the University of Paris where he was awarded the agrgation de philosophie in 1935 and docteur s lettres in 1950. He taught at the University of Strassbourg (1948-57) and after that at the University of Paris. He has been visiting professor at Yale University, the University of Montreal, the University of Louvain, and the University of Chicago. He holds honorary degrees from the University of Basel, the University of Montreal, the University of Chicago, the University of Nijmegen, Ohio State University, De Paul University, the University of Zurich, and Boston College.
Page vi
His main philosophical works are: Gabriel Marcel et Karl Jaspers. Philosophie du mystre et philosophie du paradoxe (1948); Philosophie de la volunt I. Le voluntaire et l'involuntaire (1950) [English: Freedom and Nature. The Voluntary and Involuntary]; Philosophie de la volunt II. Finitude et culpabilit 1. L'homme faillible (1960) [English: Fallible Man]; Philosophie de la volunt II. Finitude et culpabilit 2. La symbolique du mal (1960) [English: The Symbolism of Evil]; De l'interprtation, Essai sur Freud (1965) [English: Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation]; Le conflit des interprtations: Essais d'hermneutique (1967) [English: The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays in Hermeneutics]; The Religious Significance of Atheism (1969); La Mtaphore vive (1975) [English: The Rule of Metaphor]; Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning (1976).
Professor Ricoeur has served for many years as editor of Revue de Mtaphysique et Morale. Of his many published articles a number have been translated and published in Political and Social Essays (1974).
To Professor Ricoeur's distinguished list of publications Phi Sigma Tau is pleased to add: The Reality of the Historical Past.
Page 1
The Reality of the Historical Past
What does the term "real" signify when it is applied to the historical past? What do we mean when we say that something really happened?
This is the most troublesome question that historiography puts to historical thinking. And yet, if it is difficult to find a reply, the question itself is inevitable: it makes the difference between history and fiction, whose interferences would pose no problem if they did not grow out of a basic dissymetry.
A solid conviction animates the historian here: regardless of the selective nature of collecting, preserving, and consulting documents, and of their relation to the questions put to them by the historian, even including the ideological implications of all these manoeuvres the recourse to documents marks a dividing line between history and fiction. Unlike the novel, the constructions of the historian are intended to be reconstructions of the past. Through documents and by means of documentary proof, the historian is
Page 2
constrained by what once was. He owes a debt to the past, a debt of gratitude with respect to the dead, which makes him an insolvent debtor. This is the conviction that is expressed by the notion of trace. Inasmuch as it is left by the past, it stands for the past, it "represents" the past, not in the sense that the past would appear itself in the mind (Vorstellung) but in the sense that the trace takes place of (Vertretung) the past, absent from historical discourse. I shall thus venture to speak of taking-the-place-of in order to distinguish the relation of Vertretung from that of Vorstellung. It characterizes the indirect reference specific to knowledge through traces and distinguishes from any other the referential mode of the history of the past.1 This referential mode is inseparable from the work of configuration itself: for it is only by means of the unending rectification of our configurations that we form an idea of the inexhaustible resources of the past.
This problematic concerning taking-the-place-of or representing history in relation to the past is no longer a question posed by the historian but by the philosopher. It concerns the manner of thinking of history rather than historical knowledge. For the historian, the
Page 3
notion of trace constitutes a sort of terminus in the series of referrals that, from archives, lead to the document, and from the document to the trace. However, the historian does not usually linger over the enigma of historical reference, over its essentially indirect character. For the historian, the ontological question implicitly contained in the notion of trace is immediately covered over by the epistemological question of the document, namely, its value as warrant, support, proof in the explanation of the past.2
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