Kaku - The future of the mind: the scientific quest to understand, enhance, and empower the mind

Copyright 2014 by Michio Kaku

All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Doubleday, a division of Random House, LLC, New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto, Penguin Random House companies.

www.doubleday.com

DOUBLEDAY and the portrayal of an anchor with a dolphin are registered trademarks of Random House, LLC.

Illustrations by Jeffrey L. Ward
Cover design by Michael J. Windsor
Cover illustration CLIPAREA/Custom media/Shutterstock

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

Kaku, Michio.
The future of the mind : the scientific quest to understand, enhance, and empower the mind / Dr. Michio Kaku, professor of Theoretical Physics, City University of New York. First edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Neuropsychology. 2. Mind and bodyResearch.
3. BrainMathematical models. 4. Cognitive neuroscience.
5. Brain-computer interfaces. I. Title.
QP 360. K 325 2014
612.8dc23

2013017338

ISBN 978-0-385-53082-8 (hardcover) ISBN 978-0-385-53083-5 (eBook)

v3.1_r3

This book is dedicated to my loving wife, Shizue,
and my daughters, Michelle and Alyson

It has been my great pleasure to have interviewed and interacted with the following prominent scientists, all of them leaders in their fields. I would like to thank them for graciously giving up their time for interviews and discussions about the future of science. They have given me guidance and inspiration, as well as a firm foundation in their respective fields.

I would like to thank these pioneers and trailblazers, especially those who have agreed to appear on my TV specials for the BBC, Discovery, and Science TV channels, and also on my national radio shows, Science Fantastic and Explorations.

Peter Doherty, Nobel laureate, St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital

Gerald Edelman, Nobel laureate, Scripps Research Institute

Leon Lederman, Nobel laureate, Illinois Institute of Technology

Murray Gell-Mann, Nobel laureate, Santa Fe Institute and Cal Tech

the late Henry Kendall, Nobel laureate, MIT

Walter Gilbert, Nobel laureate, Harvard University

David Gross, Nobel laureate, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics

Joseph Rotblat, Nobel laureate, St. Bartholomews Hospital

Yoichiro Nambu, Nobel laureate, University of Chicago

Steven Weinberg, Nobel laureate, University of Texas at Austin

Frank Wilczek, Nobel laureate, MIT

...

Amir Aczel, author of Uranium Wars

Buzz Aldrin, NASA astronaut, second man to walk on the moon

Geoff Andersen, U.S. Air Force Academy, author of The Telescope

Jay Barbree, author of Moon Shot

John Barrow, physicist, Cambridge University, author of Impossibility

Marcia Bartusiak, author of Einsteins Unfinished Symphony

Jim Bell, Cornell University astronomer

Jeffrey Bennet, author of Beyond UFOs

Bob Berman, astronomer, author The Secrets of the Night Sky

Leslie Biesecker, National Institutes of Health

Piers Bizony, author of How to Build Your Own Starship

Michael Blaese, National Institutes of Health

Alex Boese, founder of Museum of Hoaxes

Nick Bostrom, transhumanist, Oxford University

Lt. Col. Robert Bowman, Institute for Space and Security Studies

Cynthia Breazeal, artificial intelligence, MIT Media Lab

Lawrence Brody, National Institutes of Health

Rodney Brooks, director of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

Lester Brown, Earth Policy Institute

Michael Brown, astronomer, Cal Tech

James Canton, author of The Extreme Future

Arthur Caplan, director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania

Fritjof Capra, author of The Science of Leonardo

Sean Carroll, cosmologist, Cal Tech

Andrew Chaikin, author of A Man on the Moon

Leroy Chiao, NASA astronaut

Eric Chivian, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

Deepak Chopra, author of Super Brain

George Church, director of Harvards Center for Computational Genetics

Thomas Cochran, physicist, Natural Resources Defense Council

Christopher Cokinos, astronomer, author of Fallen Sky

Francis Collins, National Institutes of Health

Vicki Colvin, nanotechnologist, University of Texas

Neal Comins, author of Hazards of Space Travel

Steve Cook, NASA spokesperson

Christine Cosgrove, author of Normal at Any Cost

Steve Cousins, CEO of Willow Garage Personal Robots Program

Phillip Coyle, former assistant secretary of defense for the U.S. Defense Department

Daniel Crevier, AI, CEO of Coreco

Ken Croswell, astronomer, author of Magnificent Universe

Steven Cummer, computer science, Duke University

Mark Cutkowsky, mechanical engineering, Stanford University

Paul Davies, physicist, author of Superforce

Daniel Dennet, philosopher, Tufts University

the late Michael Dertouzos, computer science, MIT

Jared Diamond, Pulitzer Prize winner, UCLA

Marriot DiChristina, Scientific American

Peter Dilworth, MIT AI Lab

John Donoghue, creator of Braingate, Brown University

Ann Druyan, widow of Carl Sagan, Cosmos Studios

Freeman Dyson, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University

David Eagleman, neuroscientist, Baylor College of Medicine

John Ellis, CERN physicist

Paul Erlich, environmentalist, Stanford University

Daniel Fairbanks, author of Relics of Eden

Timothy Ferris, University of California, author of Coming of Age in the Milky Way Galaxy

Maria Finitzo, stem cell expert, Peabody Award winner

Robert Finkelstein, AI expert

Christopher Flavin, World Watch Institute

Louis Friedman, cofounder of the Planetary Society

Jack Gallant, neuroscientist, University of California at Berkeley

James Garwin, NASA chief scientist

Evelyn Gates, author of Einsteins Telescope

Michael Gazzaniga, neurologist, University of California at Santa Barbara

Jack Geiger, cofounder, Physicians for Social Responsibility

David Gelertner, computer scientist, Yale University, University of California

Neal Gershenfeld, MIT Media Lab

Daniel Gilbert, psychologist, Harvard University

Paul Gilster, author of Centauri Dreams

Rebecca Goldberg, Environmental Defense Fund

Don Goldsmith, astronomer, author of Runaway Universe

David Goodstein, assistant provost of Cal Tech

J. Richard Gott III, Princeton University, author of Time Travel in Einsteins Universe

Late Stephen Jay Gould, biologist, Harvard University

Ambassador Thomas Graham, spy satellites and intelligence gathering

John Grant, author of Corrupted Science

Eric Green, National Institutes of Health

Ronald Green, author of Babies by Design

Brian Greene, Columbia University, author of The Elegant Universe

Alan Guth, physicist, MIT, author of The Inflationary Universe

William Hanson, author of The Edge of Medicine

Leonard Hayflick, University of California at San Francisco Medical School

Donald Hillebrand, Argonne National Labs, future of the car

Frank N. von Hippel, physicist, Princeton University

Allan Hobson, psychiatrist, Harvard University