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SUNY Series in Religious Studies Robert Cummings Neville, Editor
Mantra
Harvey P. Alper, Editor
State University of New York Press
Published by
State University of New York Press, Albany
1989 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
For information, address State University of New York Press, State University Plaza, Albany, N.Y., 12246
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mantra.
(SUNY series in religious studies) Bibliography: p. 1. Mantras. I. Alper, Harvey P., 1945 II. Series. BL1236.36.M36 1988 294.5'37 87-6489 ISBN 0-88706-599-6 (pbk.)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
Page v
Contents
Introduction
Harvey P. Alper
1
1 Mntra kavisasta*: Speech as Performative in the Rgveda*
Ellison Banks Findly
15
2 Vedic Mantras
Frits Staal
48
3 The Mantra in Vedic and Tantric Ritual
Wade T. Wheelock
96
4 Mantra in Ayurveda*: A Study of the Use of Magico-Religious Speech in Ancient Indian Medicine
Kenneth G. Zysk
123
5 Are Mantras Speech Acts? The Mimamsa* Point of View
John Taber
144
6 The Meaning and Power of Mantras in Bhartrhari's* Vakyapadiya*
Harold Coward
165
7 Mantras in the Sivapurana*
Ludo Rocher
177
8 The Use of Mantra in Yogic Meditation: The Testimony of the Pasupata*
Gerhard Oberhammer
204
9 The Pancaratra* Attitude to Mantra
Sanjukta Gupta
224
10 The Cosmos as Siva's* Language-Game: "Mantra" According to Ksemaraja's* Sivasutravimarsini*
Harvey P. Alper
249
Conclusion: MantrasWhat Are They?
Andr Padoux
295
Notes on the Contributors
319
Abbreviations Used in This Volume
322
Bibliographical List
327
Page 1
Introduction
An ocean, verily, is the Word. Pancavimsa* Brahmana* 7.7.9
He lifts the lifewand and the dumb speak. Quoiquoiquoiquoiquoiquoiquoiq "Shem the Penman," Finnegan's Wake
This Volume of Essays and bibliography has been assembled in order to focus attention on the Hindu mantra, a common and vital but troubling feature of Indian culture that more often has been taken for granted than made the object of sympathetic and systematic reflection. The volume is exploratory not definitive. It may, I trust, be used as a general introduction to the Hindu mantra and its study, but it does not offer any comprehensive survey, nor does it deal with the use of mantras and mantralike formulas in non-Hindu settings or in those portions of Asia beyond India where Indian culture has penetrated. It is my conviction that the essays collected here speak eloquently for themselves and need no brief content summaries in this Introduction. Rather, I shall set the stage for reading the essays by indicating quite schematically some of the themes and issues in mantric studies that the essays themselves raise.
Mantras: Why They Matter and Why They Perples Us
In 1984, Sri Satguru Publications in Delhi brought out an English translation of Mahidhara's* Mantramahodadhi, a sixteenth century synthetic treatise on Mantrasastra*. Prior to the book's Introduction the publishers insert a "warning" in which they disclaim responsibilityethically and, I suppose, legallyfor the consequences that ensue when mantras are used unsuccessfully or irresponsibly.
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