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Poythress - Inerrancy and Worldview: Answering Modern Challenges to the Bible

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Poythress Inerrancy and Worldview: Answering Modern Challenges to the Bible
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Though the Bible presents a personal and relational God, popular modern worldviews portray an impersonal divine force in a purely material world. Readers influenced by this competing worldview hold assumptions about fundamental issues -- like the nature of humanity, evil, and the purpose of life -- that present profound obstacles to understanding the Bible. In Inerrancy and Worldview, Dr. Vern Poythress offers the first worldview-based defense of scriptural inerrancy, showing how worldview differences create or aggravate most perceived difficulties with the Bible. His positive case for biblical inerrancy implicitly critiques the worldview of theologians like Enns, Sparks, Allert, and McGowan. Poythress, who has researched and published in a variety of fields -- including science, linguistics, and sociology -- deals skillfully with the challenges presented in each of these disciplines. By directly addressing key examples in each field, Poythress shows that many difficulties can be resolved simply by exposing the influence of modern materialism. Inerrancy and Worldviews positive response to current attempts to abandon or redefine inerrancy will enable Christians to respond well to modern challenges by employing a worldview that allows the Bible to speak on its own terms. - Publisher.;Groundbreaking, worldview-based defense of scriptural inerrancy offers a positive case for the Bibles trustworthiness while implicitly critiquing modern materialist worldviews.;Part one : Two common religious difficulties. How can only one religion be right? -- Are moral rules a straitjacket? -- Part two : Challenges from science and materialism. Worldviews and materialism -- Modern science -- Part three : Challenges from history. The historical-critical tradition -- Responding to historical criticism -- The change from history to structure -- Part four : Challenges about language. Challenges from linguistics and philosophy of language -- Words and meanings concerning many gods -- Growth in understanding -- Contexts for language -- The idea of closed language -- Breaking out of closure in language -- Analysis of Biblical narratives -- Part five : Challenges from sociology and anthropology. Challenges from sociology -- The idea of closure of culture -- Breaking out of closure in culture -- Marxism and feminism -- Part six : Challenges from psychology. Challenges concerning cognition -- Interaction of minds -- Thinking about the inspiration of the Bible -- Part seven : Challenges from examples. Ordinary life and science -- Understanding an alleged contradiction -- Law in cultural context -- Proverbs in cultural context -- The glory of Christ -- Part eight : Challenges from our attitudes. Do we need help? -- Corruption in the mind -- Counterfeiting the truth -- Truth -- The Bible -- The danger of pride -- Part nine : Challenges from corrupt spirituality. Religious gullibility -- The nature of ultimate commitments -- Why are we so gullible? -- Scripture and worldviews -- Appendix : Human authors of the Bible.

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Inerrancy and Worldview: Answering Modern Challenges to the Bible

Copyright 2012 by Vern Sheridan Poythress

Published by Crossway

1300 Crescent Street
Wheaton, Illinois 60187

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, except as provided for by USA copyright law.

Cover design: Studio Gearbox

Cover image(s): Dover

Interior design and typesetting: Lakeside Design Plus

First printing 2012

Printed in the United States of America

Scripture quotations are from the ESV Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version), copyright 2001 by Crossway. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

All emphases in Scripture quotations have been added by the author.

Trade paperback ISBN: 978-1-4335-2387-8

ePub ISBN: 978-1-4335-2390-8

PDF ISBN: 978-1-4335-2388-5

Mobipocket ISBN: 978-1-4335-2389-2

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Poythress, Vern S.

Inerrancy and worldview : answering modern challenges to the Bible / Vern Sheridan Poythress.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.

ISBN 978-1-4335-2387-8 (tp)

1. BibleEvidences, authority, etc. 2. Apologetics. 3. Christian philosophy. 4. ChristianityPhilosophy. I. Title.

BS480.P66 2012

220.1'32dc23

2012001926

Crossway is a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.

VP 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12

14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To my wife,

who has faithfully encouraged me
in trusting Gods Word

C ONTENTS

How do we understand the Bible? In recent decades a number of books, articles, blogs, and other voices within the broad community of evangelical Christians have urged us to rethink how we understand the Bible. These discussions about the Bible have special interest for evangelicals and fundamentalists who believe that the Bible is the word of God.

Some of the new voices express discontent with the traditional view of the Bibles absolute authority as the word of God. The traditional evangelical view says that the Bible is inerrant; that is, it is completely true in what it says, and makes no claims that are not true.

The struggle about the Bible has many dimensions. Modern challenges come from various directions. We confront postmodernist thinking, alleged discrepancies or errors in the Bible, growing information about the ancient Near East that allegedly throws doubt on traditional readings of the Bible, and tensions between the Bible and science.

I agree that our modern world confronts us with some distinctive challenges. But I do not agree with the modern attempts to abandon or redefine inerrancy. To respond to all the modern voices one by one would be tedious, because the voices are diverse and new voices continue to appear. Rather, I want to develop an alternative response in a positive way.

Some of the new voices tell us that we need to think through more thoroughly the humanity of Scripture. The Bible itself identifies some of the human authors who wrote its booksfor example, Paul, John, Jeremiah, Amos. It also indicates that the writing of the books was superintended by God, and that God sent the Holy Spirit to the human authors to work in them in such a way that their writings were also Gods writings, his own word (2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Pet. 1:21). Thus, the Bible does invite us to think about the human authors and what they did. But we are unlikely to appreciate the role of human authors accurately and in depth without understanding God, who made human beings in his image (Gen. 1:2627).

The Bible has much to say about God and about how we can come to know him. What it says is deeply at odds with much of the thinking in the modern world. And this fundamental difference generates differences in many other areasdifferences in peoples whole view of the world. Modern worldviews are at odds with the worldview put forward in the Bible. This difference in worldviews creates obstacles when modern people read and study the Bible. People come to the Bible with expectations that do not fit the Bible, and this clash becomes one main reason, though not the only one, why people do not find the Bibles claims acceptable.

Within the scope of a single book we cannot hope to deal with all the difficulties that people encounter. We will concentrate here on difficulties that have ties with the differences in worldview.

Inerrancy and Worldview Answering Modern Challenges to the Bible - image 5

I consider fundamentalists to be a subgroup within evangelicals. I grant that the words evangelical and fundamentalist today are rather loosely defined.

The classic statement on inerrancy is found in Benjamin B. Warfield, The Inspiration and Authority of the Bible (Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed, 1948). See also Archibald A. Hodge and Benjamin B. Warfield, Inspiration, with introduction by Roger R. Nicole (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1979); Richard B. Gaffin Jr., Gods Word in Servant-Form: Abraham Kuyper and Herman Bavinck on the Doctrine of Scripture (Jackson, MS: Reformed Academic Press, 2008); John D. Woodbridge, Biblical Authority: A Critique of the Rogers/McKim Proposal (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1982); Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, ed. John Bolt, trans. John Vriend, vol. 1, Prolegomena (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2003), 353494. Some people have seen Bavinck and Kuyper as differing significantly from Warfield and Hodge, but like Gaffin I see all fourHodge, Warfield, Bavinck, and Kuyperin harmony. On the diversity of genres in the Bible, see Vern S. Poythress, In the Beginning Was the Word: LanguageA God-Centered Approach (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2009), esp. chaps. 19 and 23 and appendix H. See also chap. 31 of the present book.

Cornelius Van Til did not live to see the challenges thrown up in the last two decades; but what he wrote in responding to similar challenges in his own day is still pertinent. See Van Til,

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