Avery Robert Cardinal Dulles - Church Membership As a Catholic and Ecumenical Problem (Pere Marquette Technology Lectures)
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Church Membership As a Catholic and Ecumenical Problem (Pere Marquette Technology Lectures)
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Church Membership As a Catholic and Ecumenical Problem : 1974 Pere Marquette Theology Lecture
author
:
Dulles, Avery Robert.
publisher
:
Marquette University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0874625068
print isbn13
:
9780874625066
ebook isbn13
:
9780585141459
language
:
English
subject
Church membership.
publication date
:
1981
lcc
:
BV820.D8 1981eb
ddc
:
285.842
subject
:
Church membership.
Page i
Church Membership as a Catholic and Ecumenical Problem
The 1974 Pere Marquette Theology Lecture
by Avery Dulles, S.J. Professor of Theology Woodstock College
Marquette University Press Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 March 31, 1974
Page ii
ISBN 0-87462-506-8
Second Printing 1981
Copyright 1974 Marquette University Theology Department
Page iii
Preface
In conjunction with the Tercentenary Celebration of the missions and explorations of Jacques Marquette, S.J., the University's namesake, the Marquette University Theology Department in 1969 launched a series of annual public lectures by distinguished theologians under the title of "The Pere Marquette Theology Lectures."
The 1974 lecture was delivered at Marquette University on March 31, 1974, by the Reverend Avery Dulles, S.J., Professor of Systematic Theology at Woodstock College.
Father Dulles was born in 1918. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1946, was ordained in 1956, and received his S.T.D. from the Gregorian University in 1960. Since 1960 he has been teaching at Woodstock College, specializing in questions of Catholic ecclesiology and fundamental theology.
Father Dulles is a widely known author and lecturer on a variety of theological
Page iv
topics. In addition to numerous articles, his major books include: Apologetics and the Biblical Christ (1963); Dimensions of the Church (1967); Revelation and the Quest for Unity (1968); Revelation Theology (1969); A History of Apologetics (1971); and The Survival of Dogma (1971). His latest book, Models of the Church, appeared in February, 1974.
The present lecture reflects Father Dulles' long-standing interest in ecumenical theology and the implications of current developments in ecumenical dialogue for contemporary Catholic ecclesiology.
Page 1
Church Membership as a Catholic and Ecumenical Problem
Avery Dulles, S. J.
By about 1943, when Pius XII published his encyclical on the Church, Mystici corporis Christi, the question of membership was thought to be virtually settled in Catholic theology. That encyclical contained a clear and precise statement as to who were really members of the Church. But the doctrine of Mystici corporis did not meet with general acceptance, even among Catholics. It was adversely criticized by many canonists, New Testament scholars, and ecumenists. As a result the question of church membership was wide open again by the time of Vatican Council II.
Vatican II, significantly, avoided the term "member" and spoke instead of "incorporation."1 The Council also made important distinctions between the
Page 2
Church as a mystical communion of grace and as an organized society, and between the Church of Christ and the Roman Catholic Church. Thus questions were raised as to whether one could be in the Church as a communion of grace but not as an organized society, and whether one could belong to the Church of Christ without being a Roman Catholic.2
In the postconciliar years, these unanswered questions have become practical issues. In 1966 the British theologian, Charles Davis, left the Roman Catholic Church as a juridically organized society while at the same time announcing his continued adherence to the Church of Christ and his recognition of the Roman Catholic tradition as his particular inheritance. Davis did not become a Protestant or an Anglican; in a certain sense he remained a Catholic.
According to his own explanation, Davis left because he could not accept certain doctrinal positions defined by the Roman Catholic hierarchy.3 This would seem to be logical enough. But it is also
Page 3
a fact that many Catholics whose doctrinal stands are more deviant than those of Davis insist on their right to remain within the Church. They look upon Davis's notion of orthodoxy as too rigid. Thus the credal tests of Catholic Christianity are today unclear.
The same must be said of behavioral patterns. While there have always been marginal Catholics who did not practice their faith, today we find many committed Catholics whose moral standards are consciously at variance with the official directives. They hold on principle that it is their right as Catholics to follow their own consciences.
As doctrinal deviance and behavioral nonconformity become more widespread in the Catholic community, new questions arise regarding the relationships between Roman Catholicism and other Churches or denominations. Some non-Catholic Christians are more respectful toward the Holy See and the hierarchy than some Catholics are; their beliefs are as well aligned with the declarations of
Page 4
popes and councils, and in some cases they feel thoroughly at home in Catholic liturgical services. Can some of them be considered de facto members of the Catholic Church even without any formal transfer of ecclesiastical allegiance?
In view of the increasing similarity in the beliefs and practices of Christians of various traditions, some ecumenists are beginning to ask whether church membership should be something larger than denominational affiliation. For instance Robert C. Dodds, in an article we shall later consider,4 proposed a scheme of "general membership" for the Catholic Church and a number of Protestant bodies. A member of any one of these bodies, he urged, should be accepted as a member by all the others. This is only one of a number of common membership proposals.
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