James M. Gustafson - Contributions of Theology to Medical Ethics (Paere Marquette Theology Lecture)
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Contributions of Theology to Medical Ethics (Paere Marquette Theology Lecture)
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The Contributions of Theology to Medical Ethics Pere Marquette Lecture in Theology ; 1975
author
:
Gustafson, James M.
publisher
:
Marquette University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0874625076
print isbn13
:
9780874625073
ebook isbn13
:
9780585147987
language
:
English
subject
Medical ethics.
publication date
:
1982
lcc
:
R724.G8C6 1982eb
ddc
:
241.909
subject
:
Medical ethics.
Page i
The 1975 Pere Marquette Theology Lecture
The Contributions of Theology to Medical Ethics
by James M. Gustafson University Professor of Theological Ethics University of Chicago
Marquette University Press Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 April 6, 1975
Page ii
Second Printing 1977 Third Printing 1982
Copyright 1975 Marquette University Press Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
ISBN 0-87462-507-6
Page iii
Preface
In conjunction with the Tercentenary Celebration of the missions and explorations of Jacques Marquette, S.J., the University's namesake, the Marquette University Theology Department in 1969 launched a series of annual public lectures by distinguished theologians under the title of "The Pere Marquette Theology Lectures."
The 1975 lecture was delivered at Marquette University on April 6, 1975, by Professor James M. Gustafson, University Professor of theological Ethics at the Divinity School of the University of Chicago.
Professor Gustafson was born in 1925 in Norway, Michigan. He completed his undergraduates studies at Northwestern University in 1948. In 1951 he received his B.D. from the federated Theological Faculty of the University of Chicago. In 1955 he re-
Page iv
ceived his Ph.D. from Yale University. Professor Gustafson is an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ.
Professor Gustafson is a widely known author and lecturer in the field of theological ethics. In addition to numerous articles, his major books include: Treasure in Earthen Vessels (1961), Christ and the Moral Life (1968), The Church as Moral Decision Maker (1970), Christian Ethics and the Community (1971), and Theology and Christian Ethics (1974). Professor Gustafson is the editor of On Being Responsible: Issues in Personal Ethics (1968) and co-author of Advancement of Theological Education (1956). His latest book, Can Ethics Be Christian?, has recently been published by the University of Chicago Press.
The present lecture reflects Professor Gustafson's long-standing in-
Page v
terest in the area of medical ethics and his special concern for theology's proper contribution to this extremely complex field.
Page 1
The Contributions of Theology to Medical Ethics
A person whose primary field of interest is theology can contribute to literature about ethics and medicine without articulating the theological grounds for the arguments and judgments that are made. When the theologian does so, he or she is functioning primarily as a moral philosopher, though as a philosopher who is working out of a particular theological moral point of view. To do so is not necessarily an act of deception, either of oneself or of others. Frequently the failure to develop the theological grounds for one's work in medical ethics stems from lack of interest in those grounds on the part of the participants in the discussions of clinical
Page 2
moral issues. Frequently it stems from the effort to be persuasive on such grounds as diverse persons can agree upon; often to introduce theology becomes an unjustifiable reason for one's secular colleagues to discount what one might say about medical ethics.1 The purpose of this lecture is to develop a position on the contribution that theology can make to medical ethics, attending both to the forms of the contribution and to the substance of it.
The order of development of the argument is as follows. First, it is necessary to indicate clearly what I mean when I speak of theology and of the work of a theologian, for different persons have different perceptions and convictions about what theology is. In a similar way, I shall indicate briefly what I think are the relevant dimensions of ethics. Second, theology is a source of many
Page 3
substantive themes which pertain to ethics, and to medical ethics particularly; I have isolated three affirmations to use illustratively in order to develop the more inclusive intention of this lecture. These are delineated and developed with reference to their contributions to a theological moral point of view, to certain relevant moral attitudes toward human life, and to a basic intentionality that informs action. In the course of the lecture, I indicate some of the ways in which the contribution of theology to medical ethics must be supplemented from other resources adequately to address particular clinical moral issues.
Theology and Ethics
Some clarification is required of the term "theology;" at least the way it is used here must be de-
Page 4
lineated. One distinction honored in the Christian tradition is between natural theology and revealed theology. I prefer not to use those two adjectives, for in the minds of historically and theologically learned or ecclesiastically contentious persons, they immediately indicate a debate that I seek to avoid. My view is stated in fewer words than desirable, but I hope with intelligibility.
I regard all of theology as reflection upon human experience; unfortunately in the Cristian community today there are those who think that statement is almost completely reversible; there are those who seem to regard all serious reflection on human experience as theology. Theology is reflection on human experience with reference to a particular dimension of the human experience denoted "religious." For many
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