Sproul - Willing to Believe: the Controversy over Free Will
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1997 by R. C. Sproul
Published by Baker Books
a division of Baker Publishing Group
P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287
www.bakerbooks.com
Repackaged edition published 2018
Ebook edition created 2018
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any meansfor example, electronic, photocopy, recordingwithout the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
ISBN 978-1-5855-8153-5
Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from the New King James Version. Copyright 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled KJV are from the King James Version of the Bible.
Portrait of Martin Luther painted by Lucas Cranach the Elder in 1528. Engraving of James Arminius by Thomas from a scarce Dutch print. Engraving of Jonathan Edwards from a portrait probably painted in 1751 by Joseph Badger. Photograph of Charles Grandison Finney taken by A. C. Platt of Oberlin.
For information about Ligonier Ministries and the teaching ministry of R. C. Sproul, visit Ligoniers website: www.ligonier.org
The Proprietor is represented by the literary agency of Wolgemuth & Associates, Inc.
To
Dr. James Montgomery Boice
Scholar, Pastor, Christian Leader
For his courageous ministry in the service of Christ
and his tireless efforts in the advancement
of the doctrines of grace
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Illustrations and Figures
Introduction: Evangelicalism and an Ancient Heresy
1. We Are Capable of Obedience: Pelagius
2. We Are Incapable of Obedience: Augustine
3. We Are Capable of Cooperating: Semi-Pelagians
4. We Are in Bondage to Sin: Martin Luther
5. We Are Voluntary Slaves: John Calvin
6. We Are Free to Believe: James Arminius
7. We Are Inclined to Sin: Jonathan Edwards
8. We Are Not Depraved by Nature: Charles Grandison Finney
9. We Are Able to Believe: Lewis Sperry Chafer
Notes
Latin Glossary
Index of Subjects
Index of Personal Names
Index of Scripture
About the Author
Among other Books by R. C. Sproul
Back Ads
Back Cover
In the spring of 1996, a conference was held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, near the campus of Harvard University. The conference was hosted by the Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals for the purpose of calling the evangelical church to reaffirm its historic confessions. Special attention was given to the reaffirmation of the solas, sola fide , soli Christo , soli Deo gloria , and sola gratia .
This present volume focuses on the issue of sola gratia, the underlying foundation of the issues that provoked the Reformation. It is an overview of the historical developments that grew out of the original controversy between Pelagius and Augustine. The stress is on the graciousness of grace and the monergistic work of God in effecting the believers liberation from the moral bondage of sin. It explores the relationship between original sin and human free will.
Special thanks are in order to Maureen Buchman and Tricia Elmquist for their assistance in preparing the manuscript; to Ron Kilpatrick, librarian of Knox Theological Seminary, for his bibliographical assistance; and to Allan Fisher, my editor at Baker Book House.
R. C. Sproul, Orlando
Advent 1996
Illustrations
1. Martin Luther
2. John Calvin
3. James Arminius
4. Jonathan Edwards
5. Charles Grandison Finney
6. Lewis Sperry Chafer
Figures
3.1 Controversy in the Fifth Century
3.2 Controversy in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Introduction, Evangelicalism and an Ancient Heresy
. J. I. Packer and O. R. Johnston, Historical and Theological Introduction, in Martin Luther, The Bondage of the Will , trans. J. I. Packer and O. R. Johnston (Cambridge: James Clarke / Westwood, NJ: Revell, 1957), 5758. With regard to the contemporary status of Lutheran orthodoxy, Packer and Johnston cite H. J. Iwands analysis in a German edition of Luthers The Bondage of the Will (Munich, 1954).
. Ibid., 58.
. Ibid., 5859.
. Ibid., 59.
. Ibid., 5960.
Chapter 1, We Are Capable of Obedience: Pelagius
. Adolph Harnack, History of Dogma , part 2, book 2, trans. James Millar (1898; New York: Dover, 1961), 174.
. Ibid., 169.
. Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church , 8 vols. (190710; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 195253), 3:8023. Schaffs source is Augustine , On the Grace of Christ and on Original Sin (418), responding to Pelagius, Defense of the Freedom of the Will .
. Pelagius, quoted in Harnack, History of Dogma , 193.
. Schaff, History of the Christian Church , 3:8034.
. Ibid., 3:8056.
. Pelagius, Marius Com., 2.10. Quoted in Reinhold Seeberg, Text-Book of the History of Doctrines , vol. 1, History of Doctrines in the Ancient Church , trans. Charles E. Hay (1905; Grand Rapids: Baker, 1977), 334.
. Pelagius, Letter to Demetrius, 8. Quoted in Seeberg, History of Doctrines , 1:335.
. Jaroslav Pelikan, The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine , vol. 1, The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition, 100600 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago, 1971), 314. The three quotations are from the following: (1) Augustine, On the Proceedings of Pelagius (417), 22.46; (2) Augustine, On the Grace of Christ and on Original Sin (418), 35.38; and (3) Augustine, Retractations (426), 2.68.
. Seeberg, History of Doctrines , 1:336. The first quote is from Pelagius , Letter to Demetrius , 8; the second, from Augustine, On the Grace of Christ , 7.8.
. Harnack, History of Dogma , 175.
. Seeberg, History of Doctrines , 1:354. Both quotes in this paragraph are from Augustine, On the Proceedings of Pelagius (417), 19.43, 6.16.
. Seeberg, History of Doctrines , 1:354.
. Jerome, Letter to Augustine (419). Quoted in Schaff, History of the Christian Church , 3:796.
. Augustine, On the Proceedings of Pelagius . Quoted in Schaff, History of the Christian Church , 3:796.
. Pope Innocent, Epistle 31.6. Quoted in Harnack, History of Dogma , 182.
. Peter Brown, Augustine of Hippo: A Biography (London: Faber and Faber, 1967 / Los Angeles: University of California, 1969), 35960.
. Schaff, History of the Christian Church , 3:799. In a note Schaff points out that the third of these canons may not be authentic.
. Seeberg, History of Doctrines , 1:356.
. Schaff, History of the Christian Church , 3:815.
Chapter 2, We Are Incapable of Obedience: Augustine
. Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield, Augustine, in Warfield , Studies in Tertullian and Augustine , ed. Ethelbert D. Warfield et al. (1930; Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981), 128. This article was reprinted in Warfield, Calvin and Augustine, ed. Samuel G. Craig (Philadelphia: P&R, 1956), 30526 (see 320 for this quote). This article originally appeared in James Hastings, ed., Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics (New York: Scribner, 1909), 2:21924.
. Warfield, Studies in Tertullian and Augustine , 130; Warfield, Calvin and Augustine , 322.
. Augustine, The Enchiridion: On Faith, Hope and Love , trans. J. F. Shaw, in Augustine, Basic Writings of Saint Augustine , ed. Whitney J. Oates, 2 vols. (1948; Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980), 1:673 (chaps. 2627).
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