GSG_4
Processes of study in the arts and humanities
About this free course
This free course is an adapted extract from the Open University Good Studies Guides: http://www.ouworldwide.com/gsg.asp.
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You can experience this free course as it was originally designed on OpenLearn, the home of free learning from The Open University www.open.edu/openlearn/education/educational-technology-and-practice/educational-practice/processes-study-the-arts-and-humanities/content-section-0
There youll also be able to track your progress via your activity record, which you can use to demonstrate your learning.
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Contents
Introduction
In this course we turn to the nature of the arts and humanities themselves, and look at the main processes involved in studying them.
Broadly, when you study the arts and humanities you study aspects of culture. You explore people's ideas and beliefs, their cultural practices and the objects they have made. Human history is criss-crossed with the traces of people who did, said and made things and these people were to some extent aware of what they were doing. So all these things mean something. Your task is to look carefully at people's ideas, practices and products to try to understand what they mean. You achieve this understanding by:
analysing the various objects of your study (for example, plays, music, paintings, historical or legal documents, philosophical treatises, maps, buildings, religious ceremonies);
interpreting the meanings of these objects;
making judgements of their value;
communicating your interpretations and judgements.
This OpenLearn course is an adapted extract from the Open University Good Studies Guides.
Learning outcomes
After studying this course, you should be able to:
- understand aspects of human culture, past and present
- analyse various objects, interpret their meaning and evaluate them.
1 The processes of study
1.1 Analysis, interpretation and evaluation
When you study a painting, for example, you take it apart to see how it works as a painting. You analyse it as it is in itself, because this gives you many clues to what it might mean. But that analysis is complicated by the fact that the way we understand a painting itself changes over time. For instance, what a religious painting might have meant to the artist and his contemporaries in sixteenth-century Italy cannot be the same as it means to us now. We do not share their culture. And the painting does not appear the same to us either. We study it close-up in a modern art gallery, or (much reduced in size) as an illustration in a book. Look at Raphael's painting, The Madonna and Child (attached below). Imagine how different the painting would seem to its original audience perhaps contemplating it during a religious service, high up on the wall of a church, lit by flickering candle-light. What might it have meant to them?
(PDF, 0.1 MB, 1 page)
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To make an interpretation of what the painting means, then, you not only have to study it as it is in itself you also need to learn as much as you can about the circumstances in which it was made and viewed (who painted it, what it was for and, more generally, about the values, beliefs and way of life of those people at that time). This, too, presents certain challenges. Obviously, we cannot transport ourselves to sixteenth-century Italy. We live here and now. In the end, we interpret things in the context of our ideas and beliefs.
So it is as if the painting (or novel, vase, song, idea, document, event) has a kind of double life as it was to people in the past and as it is now, to us in the present. You have to try to understand why it means something now, and just what it means. Ultimately, you have to make judgements about its value.
These interlinked processes of analysisinterpretationevaluation are what we will explore in this course. But it doesn't end there. You also have to communicate your interpretations and judgements to other people. To explain what you mean, you have to learn to speak and write in the appropriate language. That way, you make your own contribution to an ongoing conversation about our culture a conversation that enables us to understand ourselves, and our purposes and values, as human beings who