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Peter Adamson - Health: A History

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Peter Adamson Health: A History
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From antiquity to the early modern period, many philosophers also studied anatomy and medicine, or were medical doctors themselves -- yet the history of philosophy and of medicine are pursued as separate disciplines. This book departs from that practice, gathering contributions by both historians of philosophy and of medicine to trace the concept of health from ancient Greece and China, through the Islamic world and to modern thinkers such as Descartes and Freud. Through this interdisciplinary approach, Health demonstrates the synchronicity and overlapping histories of these two disciplines. From antiquity to the Renaissance, contributors explore the Chinese idea of qi or circulating vital breath, ideas about medical methodology in antiquity and the middle ages, and the rise and long-lasting influence of Galenic medicine, with its insistence that health consists in a balance of four humors and the proper use of six non-naturals including diet, exercise, and sex. In the early modern period, mechanistic theories of the body made it more difficult to explain what health is and why it is more valuable than other physical states. However, philosophers and doctors maintained an interest in the interaction between the good condition of the mind and that of the body, with Descartes and his followers exploring in depth the idea of medicine for the mind despite their notorious mind-body dualism. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, scientific improvements in public health emerged along with new ideas about the psychology of health, notably with the concept of sensibility and Freuds psychoanalytic theory. The volume concludes with a critical survey of recent philosophical attempts to define health, showing that both descriptive, or naturalistic, and normativist approaches have fallen prey to objections and counterexamples. As a whole, Health: A History shows that notions of both physical and mental health have long been integral to philosophy and a powerful link between philosophy and the sciences.

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Health OXFORD PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS Christia Mercer Columbia University - photo 1
Health

OXFORD PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS

Christia Mercer, Columbia University

Series Editor

Published in the Oxford Philosophical Concepts Series

Efficient Causation

Edited by Tad Schmaltz

Sympathy

Edited by Eric Schliesser

The Faculties

Edited by Dominik Perler

Memory

Edited by Dmitri Nikulin

Moral Motivation

Edited by Iakovos Vasiliou

Eternity

Edited by Yitzhak Melamed

Self-Knowledge

Edited by Ursula Renz

Embodiment

Edited by Justin E. H. Smith

Dignity

Edited by Remy Debes

Animals

Edited by G. Fay Edwards and Peter Adamson

Pleasure

Edited by Lisa Shapiro

Forthcoming in the Oxford Philosophical Concepts Series

Health

Edited by Peter Adamson

Persons

Edited by Antonia LoLordo

Evil

Edited by Andrew Chignell

Space

Edited by Andrew Janiak

Teleology

Edited by Jeffrey K. McDonough

Love

Edited by Ryan Hanley

Human

Edited by Karolina Hubner

Health A History - image 2

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries.

Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press

198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.

Oxford University Press 2019

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Adamson, Peter, 1972 editor.

Title: Health : a history / edited by Peter Adamson.

Description: New York : Oxford University Press, 2019. | Series: Oxford philosophical concepts | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018016069 (print) | LCCN 2018022021 (ebook) | ISBN 9780190921293 (online content) | ISBN 9780199916436 (updf) | ISBN 9780190921286 (epub) | ISBN 9780199916443 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780199916429 (cloth : alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: MedicinePhilosophy.

Classification: LCC R723 (ebook) | LCC R723.H394 2018 (print) | DDC610.1dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018016069

Contents

Peter Adamson

Michael Stanley-Baker

Peter E. Pormann

James Allen

Helen King

Peter Adamson

Richard Scott Nokes

Guido Giglioni

Anita Guerrini

Gideon Manning

Tom Broman

Ludmilla Jordanova

Jim Hopkins

Glenn Adamson

Elselijn Kingma

Glenn Adamson is the twin brother of Peter Adamson. He is also a curator, writer, and historian who works across the fields of design, craft, and contemporary art. Currently Senior Scholar at the Yale Center for British Art, Adamson has been Director of the Museum of Arts and Design, New York; Head of Research at the V&A; and Curator at the Chipstone Foundation in Milwaukee. His publications include Fewer Better Things: The Importance of Objects Today (2018); Art in the Making (2016, co-authored with Julia Bryan Wilson); Invention of Craft (2013); Postmodernism: Style and Subversion (2011); The Craft Reader (2010); and Thinking Through Craft (2007).

Peter Adamson is the twin brother of Glenn Adamson. He is also Professor of Late Ancient and Arabic Philosophy at the Ludwig Maximilians Universitt in Munich. With G. Fay Edwards, he is the co-editor of another volume in the Oxford Philosophical Concepts Series, entitled Animals: The History of a Concept (2018), and the author of the book series A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps, published by Oxford University Press. Two volumes collecting his papers on late ancient philosophy and philosophy in the Islamic world appeared recently with the Variorum Series published by Ashgate.

James Allen is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Toronto and was formerly Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh. He is the author of Inference from Signs: Ancient Debates About the Nature of Evidence (2001) and the co-editor of Essays in Memory of Michael Frede (special issue of Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 2011). He has published articles about ancient skepticism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, Plato, Aristotle and the relations between ancient medicine and philosophy spanning topics in ethics, logic, and natural philosophy.

Tom Broman is Emeritus Professor of History of Science and History of Medicine at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He is the author of The Transformation of German Academic Medicine, 17501820 (1996) and co-editor of Science and Civil Society (2002). He has authored articles that analyze the constitution of scientific and medical expertise, the early history of scientific journals, and the history of the public sphere in the eighteenth century. He is currently writing a comprehensive survey of science in the Enlightenment.

Guido Giglioni is Associate Professor of History of Philosophy at the University of Macerata, Italy. His research is focused on the interplay of life and imagination in the early modern period, on which he has written and edited several contributions. He has published two books, on Jan Baptiste van Helmont (2000) and Francis Bacon (2011).

Anita Guerrini is Horning Professor in the Humanities and Professor of History at Oregon State University. She has published widely on the history of animals, medicine, food, and the environment. Her books include Experimenting with Humans and Animals: From Galen to Animal Rights (2003) and The Courtiers Anatomists: Animals and Humans in Louis XIVs Paris (2015). Current research projects concern skeletons as scientific and historical objects (for which she recently won a grant from the National Science Foundation) and the role of history in present-day ecological restoration. She blogs at anitaguerrini.com/anatomia-animalia.

Jim Hopkins is Reader Emeritus in Philosophy at Kings College and Visiting Professor in the Psychoanalysis Unit of the Research Department of Clinical and Health Psychology at University College London. His main work has been on psychoanalysis, consciousness, Wittgenstein, and interpretation.

Ludmilla Jordanova is Professor of History and Visual Culture and Director of the Centre for Visual Arts and Culture at Durham University. Her books include Lamarck (1985), Sexual Visions (1989), History in Practice (2000, 2006, with the third edition near completion), The Look of the Past (2012), and Physicians and their Images (2018). Her research interests include portraiture and the cultures of science and medicine since 1600.

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