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Charles B. Jones - Pure Land: History, Tradition, and Practice

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Charles B. Jones Pure Land: History, Tradition, and Practice
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PRAISE FOR PURE LAND This is the first book in English that covers the - photo 1

PRAISE FOR PURE LAND

This is the first book in English that covers the essential elements of the overall development of Pure Land Buddhismfrom India to its spread in East Asia. This impressive work is based on the latest scholarship but is presented to be accessible to ordinary readers. Pure Land dispels the stereotypical image of Pure Land Buddhism as being merely a devotional and popular belief. Instead, we learn that its beginnings are reflected in the Sanskrit texts and were nurtured through the two millennia of orthodox tradition practiced by not only laypersons but also by monastics. The Pure Land tradition probably offers the most egalitarian path to enlightenment, which partly accounts for its ubiquitous presence throughout the Mahayana Buddhist world. This book is certain to expand the readers knowledge of the scope of what Buddhism offers to the contemporary world.

K ENNETH K. T ANAKA , past president of the International Association of Shin Buddhist Studies and Professor Emeritus at Musashino University, Tokyo

Despite being one of the most popular streams of Mahayana, Pure Land has long been marginalized in the West. It is sometimes seen as simple-minded, when its simplicity results from the profundity of a direct path to awakening. Jones demonstrates that he is not only one of the preeminent scholars of Pure Land Buddhism in the world today, but that he has the ability to make the Pure Land tradition accessible for practitioners in our present world.

R ICHARD K. P AYNE , Yehan Numata Professor of Japanese Buddhist Studies

A compass to orient people to the Pure Land tradition, Pure Land: History, Tradition, and Practice is a solid, clear, and contextualized account that fills a lacunae in the field. Its accessibility makes it an inevitable choice as a classroom resource or for anyone seeking a clear path to understanding. It offers insight into the dynamics that led to the Pure Land tradition becoming pervasive in the East Asian Buddhist landscape.

P AULA A RAI , PhD, author of Women Living Zen and Painting Enlightenment

Charles Jones has written an eminently readable description of the Pure Land form of Buddhism as it evolvedfrom an outline of its core religious perspectives and the myths and teachings described in its authoritative scriptures to a series of descriptions of the many fascinating individuals who contributed to shaping the tradition. This book will serve as a reliable source both for students of Buddhism and followers eager to learn more about its history and practices.

M ARK L. B LUM , Professor of Buddhist Studies and Japanese Studies, University of California, Berkeley

Shambhala Publications Inc 4720 Walnut Street Boulder Colorado 80301 - photo 2

Shambhala Publications, Inc.

4720 Walnut Street

Boulder, Colorado 80301

www.shambhala.com

2021 by Charles B. Jones

Cover art: Taima Mandala, Charles Stewart Smith Collection,

Gift of Mrs. Charles Stewart Smith, Charles Stewart Smith Jr., and Howard Caswell Smith, in memory of Charles Stewart Smith, 1914

Cover design: Sarah Brody

Interior design: Claudine Mansour Design

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

For more information please visit www.shambhala.com.

Shambhala Publications is distributed worldwide by Penguin Random House, Inc., and its subsidiaries.

L IBRARY OF C ONGRESS C ATALOGING - IN -P UBLICATION D ATA

Names: Jones, Charles Brewer, 1957 author.

Title: Pure Land: history, tradition, and practice / Charles B. Jones.

Description: First edition. | Boulder, Colorado: Shambhala, [2021] | Series: Buddhist foundations | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020031250 | ISBN 9781611808902 (trade paperback)

eISBN 9780834843448

Subjects: LCSH: Pure Land Buddhism.

Classification: LCC BQ8515.4 .J66 2021 | DDC 294.3/926dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020031250

a_prh_5.6.1_c0_r0

CONTENTS

PART ONE
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

PART TWO
THEMES AND PRACTICES

TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

This book is about a particular buddha and his buddha-land, both of which go by many names in several languages. For the convenience of the reader, I will adopt two consistent names in this book.

The buddha at the center of Pure Land Buddhism is called both Amitbha (Immeasurable Light) and Amityus (Immeasurable Life) in Sanskrit, Amituofo in Chinese, and Amida in Japanese. Many English studies use the Japanese rendering in all contexts, while others use Amita Fo or some other variant of the Chinese. In this book, I will use only Amitbha throughout.

The name of his buddha-land can also vary, but in this case the term is context-sensitive. In India the land was called Sukhvat, meaning Land of Utmost Bliss. The term Pure Land was coined in China and does not occur in Indian texts. In East Asia, the Pure Land may take many names, such as Utmost Bliss (Ch.: Jile), the Pure Land (Ch.: Jingtu), Peace and Nurturance (Ch.: Anyang), and others besides. The first two are the most common, so I will use Utmost Bliss or Sukhvat when discussing Indian materials and both Utmost Bliss and the Pure Land when talking about East Asian sources.

The term Pure Land will also serve as a shorthand name for this religious tradition.

Many of the quotations come from the Chinese Buddhist canon. I have used the standard collection, the Taish Shinsh Daizky edited by Takakusu Junjir (100 vols., Tokyo: Daiz shuppan kai, 192233). In the endnotes, the reference will give the texts serial number within this collection, followed by reference to the volume number, page, and column. For example, Taish 360, 12:268a will mean document 360 in the Taish collection, with the passage found in volume 12, page 268, column a.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Since Pure Land Buddhism has never enjoyed wide notice in the West, I remained unaware of it during the first years of my interest in Buddhist studies. The late Dr. Roger Corless of Duke University, who became a great friend and mentor to me during that time, happened to be a specialist in early Chinese Pure Land history, and he gave me my first lessons in this tradition. Dr. Paul Groner, my dissertation adviser at the University of Virginia, made sure my knowledge of this topic encompassed the state of the field in the early 1990s. Ven. Dr. Huimin, a broadly knowledgeable monk and academic in Taiwan, became a companion in this study and gave me entre to the Xilian Jingyuan, a temple near Taipei of which he was then vice-abbot and whose special mission is to promote Pure Land belief and practice. Through his introduction I had free rein to visit the temple anytime, participate in its teaching and ritual activities, and ask questions of its abbot and resident clergy. Dr. Richard K. Payne, former dean of the Institute of Buddhist Studies in Berkeley, helped me to see that the field needed me to take the study of Pure Land, especially in its Chinese formulation, as my specialty. Finally, Dr. Chen Chienhuang of the Centre for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at the Chinese University of Hong Kong gifted me collections of his writings and was always available for consultation in the area of Chinese Pure Land. All of these fellow scholars and friends have given me invaluable assistance over many years, and without their influence and advice the present book would be much poorer. Finally, my wife Brenda has been a companion on the adventure, and her willingness to pull up stakes and go with me far and wide made the journey much more fun and interesting. I dedicate this book to her.

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