Confidence and Character
The Religious Life of George Washington
James A. Pingel II
Confidence and Character
The Religious Life of George Washington
Copyright 2014 James A. Pingel II. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical publications or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions. Wipf and Stock Publishers, W. th Ave., Suite , Eugene, OR 97401 .
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For Dadwhose love of history, westerns, and God rubbed off and inspired a little boy.
Now it shall come to pass in the latter days that the mountain of the Lords house shall be established on the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and peoples shall flow to it. Many nations shall come and say, Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord , to the house of the God of Jacob; He will teach us His ways, and we shall walk in His paths. For out of Zion the law shall go forth, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem . He shall judge between many peoples, and rebuke strong nations afar off; They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore.
But everyone shall sit under his vine and under his fig tree, and no one shall make them afraid; for the mouth of the Lord of hosts has spoken . For all people walk each in the name of his god, but we will walk in the name of the Lord our God forever and ever.
Micah 4:15 (KJV)Washingtons most frequently referenced Bible verse. He referred to the under his vine and under his fig tree phrase almost fifty times in his correspondence.
Preface
For over two centuries, historians have almost universally lauded the character of George Washington. This study started out as search to discover why his character was so impressive and strikingboth in the eyes of his contemporaries and subsequent historians. Researching the why question led to others: How was his character shaped and nurtured? What inspired or informed his character?
Americas greatest founding father spoke or wrote about character almost , times in his correspondence. Yet many Washington biographies ignore, suppress, manipulate, or do not adequately explain, the foundations or inspiration of his reputable character. Certainly he wanted to earn the affection and admiration of his fellow man and retain an enduring legacy. But does a desire for fame fully explain the almost universal praise of Washingtons characterboth by contemporaries and subsequent historians? Biographer Ron Chernow notes that Washington is the most elusive and interior of the founders. Contemporaries felt the inner force of his nature and sensed his unseen power. Enquiring minds want to know what made this indispensable man tick.
The divergent portrayals of Washingtons religious faith also piqued historical inquiry and curiosity. On the religious spectrum, Washington ranges from an aloof, disinterested deist to a devout evangelical Christian. No other founding father has been so widely debated and acutely disputed for his precise religious beliefs.
These historiographical curiosities prompted two guiding questions: Might the inner force and unseen power in Washington emanate directly from his religious faith? If Washingtons integrity and honor were so evident and esteemed by family members and contemporaries alike, why are his religious beliefs disputed or portrayed so differently among historians and biographers even yet today?
While no one can be completely sure about what resides in a mans heart and mind, the historical evidence strongly suggests that the primary source of Washingtons character formation and leadership proficiency was his Christian faith and confidence in God. This religious faith was embedded and evident in almost all of his vocations and consistently throughout the entirety of his life. To be sure, religion was not the only force that shaped and influenced his character and worldview. Yet, Washingtons religious inspiration remains the most underappreciated and significantly underrated aspect of his consequential life.
Since character is often destiny in leadership, Americas first national hero provides a convincing and compelling life study. Indeed, Washingtons faith grounded him in his private life and helped propel him to achieve grand accomplishments in public life. He left an indelible and enduring legacy for his family and countrymen. We can still learn from his life and leadership legacy today.
Acknowledgments
I want to thank Peter Jonas for his guidance throughout the early research and writing process of this work. Peter is a published and renowned author on the impact laughter has on student learning. I benefitted greatly from his guidance and leadership, and I am sure he laughed a lot as he read and critiqued my initial drafts.
I want to thank my wife, Michelle, whose patience and encouragement gave me the confidence to see this project through to fruition. Like Martha was for George, asking her to be my bride was the best decision of my life. George and I definitely married up.
Finally, I thank God for giving me the opportunity to write and publish. So many people in the world are unable to read, or live in impoverished areas where books and the Internet are not accessible, or face other monumental challenges that inhibit their ability to participate in research and scholarship. God has given me more than I deserve. Any mistakes and errors that remain in this work are my own, but whatever is found to be of value in this book are truly gifts from God.
Introduction
On a cold February winter night, in 1778 , General George Washington took a brief leave of his officers and troops, who were encamped at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, and set off for a quiet, discreet location in the woods to pray. Washington, like many of his soldiers, was tired. For almost three years, the Continental Army had waged a war for independence against British Redcoats and Hessian soldiers. The army had suffered several setbacks during the war, some of them embarrassing and humiliating. Yet, somehow, the General and his army still survived.
As Washington prayed, Isaac Potts, owner of the house the General was using as a headquarters at Valley Forge, passed by the grove where he heard and saw the Commander in Chief down on one knee praying earnestly. Potts froze in his tracks, unwilling to disturb the Virginian until his prayers and devotions were completed. When he returned home, Potts told his wife Sarah what he had observed.
Sarah, my dear! Sarah! Alls well! Alls well! George Washington will yet prevail! he exclaimed.
Whats the matter, Isaac? she replied. Thee seems moved.
Well, Isaac answered, if I seemed moved, tis no more than what I am. I have seen what I never expected. Potts continued: I always thought the sword and the gospel utterly inconsistent; and that no man could be soldier and a Christian at the same time. But George Washington has this day convinced me of my mistake. Indeed, as a Quaker, Potts had been opposed to the war. From that day forward, however, he became a Revolutionary.