Albrecht Classen - Handbook of medieval culture : fundamental aspects and conditions of the European middle ages. 2.

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Handbook of Medieval Culture

Volume 2

ISBN 978-3-11-037756-9

e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-037763-7

e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-038732-2

ISBN (Set Vol. 13) 978-3-11-037760-6

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;
detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de .

2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Cover image: Drachenleuchter, Veit Sto, Nrnberg, 1522

Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nrnberg, Germany.

Typesetting: jrgen ullrich typosatz, Nrdlingen

www.degruyter.com

Contents

Volume 1

Albrecht Classen
Medieval CultureAn Introduction to a New Handbook

Christopher R. Clason
Animals, Birds, and Fish in the Middle Ages

Charlotte A. Stanford
Architecture

Frances Parton
Visual Arts

Thomas Willard
Astrology, Alchemy and other Occult Sciences

Romedio Schmitz-Esser
Astronomy

Stephen Penn
The Bible and Biblical Exegesis

Daniel Pigg
Children and Childhood in the Middle Ages

Ken Mondschein
Chivalry and Knighthood

Linda Rouillard
Church and the Clergy

Johannes Bernwieser
Cities

Lia Ross
Communication in the Middle Ages

Mark T. Abate
Convivencia: Conquest and Coexistence in Medieval Spain

Nadia Pawelchak
Medieval Courts and Aristocracy

Gerhard Jaritz
Daily Life

Hiram Kmper
Death

Jan Wehrle
Dreams and Dream Theory

Werner Schfke
Dwarves, Trolls, Ogres, and Giants

David Sheffler
Education and Schooling

Gerhard Jaritz
Excrement and Waste

Emily J. Rozier
Fashion

Jean N. Goodrich
Fairy, Elves and the Enchanted Otherworld

Scott L. Taylor
Feudalism in Literature and Society

Sarah Gordon
Food and Cookbooks

Charles W. Connell
Foreigners and Fear

Marilyn Sandidge
The Forest, the River, the Mountain, the Field, and the Meadow

John M. Hill
Friendship in the Middle Ages

Paul Milliman
Games and Pastimes

Hans-Werner Goetz
God

Kriszta Kotsis
The Greek Orthodox Church

Eileen Gardiner
Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven

Cynthia Jeny
Horses and Equitation

Volume 2

Jacqueline Stuhmiller
Hunting, Hawking, Fowling, and Fishing

Charlotte A. Stanford
Illness and Death

Mark T. Abate
Islamic Spain: Al-Andalus and the Three Cultures

Miriamne Ara Krummel
Jewish Culture and Literature in England

Oliver M. Traxel
Languages

Scott L. Taylor
Law in Literature and Society

Christian Bratu
Literature

Albrecht Classen
Love, Sex, and Marriage

Christa Agnes Tuczay
Magic and Divination

Alain Touwaide
Medicine

Scott Gwara
Medieval Manuscripts

Kisha G. Tracy
Memory, Recollection, and Forgetting

Jeroen Puttevils
Medieval merchants

Werner Heinz
History of Medieval Metrology

Richard Landes
Millenarianism/Millennialism, Eschatology, Apocalypticism, Utopianism

Ralf Ltzelschwab
Western Monasticism

Philipp Robinson Rssner
Money, Banking, Economy

Mary Kate Hurley
Monsters

Karl Kgle
Conceptualizing and Experiencing Music in the Middle Ages (ca. 5001500)

Moritz Wedell
Numbers

Rory Naismith
Numismatics

Sarah M. Anderson
Old Age

John A. Dempsey
The Papacy and the Pan-European Culture

Cristian Bratu
Patrons, Arts, and Audiences

Francis G. Gentry
Poverty

Charles W. Connell
Public Opinion and Popular Culture

John Sewell
Religious Conflict

Michael Sizer
Revolt and Revolution

Volume 3

Albrecht Classen
Roads, Streets, Bridges, and Travelers

Daniel F. Pigg
The Rural World and the Peasants

Christina Clever
Saints and Relics

Richard G. Newhauser
The Senses, the Medieval Sensorium, and Sensing (in) the Middle Ages

Charles W. Connell
The Sermon in the Middle Ages

Timothy Runyan
Ships and Seafaring

Ben Snook
Threats, Dangers, and Catastrophes

Ken Mondschein and Denis Casey
Time and Timekeeping

Romedio Schmitz-Esser
Travel and Exploration in the Middle Ages

Graeme Dunphy
The Medieval University

Ben Snook
War and Peace

Ken Mondschein
Weapons, Warfare, Siege Machinery, and Training in Arms

Christa Agnes Tuczay
Witchcraft and Superstition

Bibliography

Primary Literature

Secondary Literature

Jacqueline Stuhmiller

Hunting, Hawking, Fowling, and Fishing

A Overview

In Genesis , God commanded Adam and Eve: Be fruitful and increase, fill the earth and subdue it, have dominion over the fish in the sea, the birds of the air, and every living thing that moves on the earth (1:28). The medievals duly exercised dominion over the wild creatures of the seas, skies, and land. They used a variety of techniques to pursue, capture, and kill animals, and they did so for reasons that ranged from the mundane to the highly symbolic. This article will discuss the following activities, as they were practiced in Europe during the medieval period: hunting (which I will define rather arbitrarily as the pursuit and capture of wild mammals, either terrestrial or aquatic, and which I will also call the chase), fowling (the capture of wild birds), fishing, and falconry or hawking (hunting with raptors). Although the terms falconry and hawking are not truly synonymous, I will use them interchangeably. I will also use hunting, the hunt, and field sports to indicate all of these practices in a general sense.

Studies tend to focus on legal aristocratic sport hunting of the later Middle Ages, and particularly on falconry and the most elaborate form of the aristocratic chase, the hunt a force . Hunting for food, raw materials, profit, or pest control, as well as non-aristocratic and illicit hunting, has received much less attention. Much of this bias is due to the skewed distribution of the evidence: in general, the later the date and the more exclusive the type of hunt, the more numerous, and the more varied, are the extant cultural artifacts. Plebeian and subsistence hunting tend to be poorly documented, and poaching, for obvious reasons, often leaves no trace of itself behind. In addition, although both fishing and fowling were presumably ubiquitous wherever fish and birds could be easily caught, these practices are rarely depicted in art or literature.

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