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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: MARXISM

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Volume 9

KRITSMAN AND THE AGRARIAN MARXISTS

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KRITSMAN AND THE AGRARIAN MARXISTS

Edited by
TERRY COX AND
GARY LITTLEJOHN

First published in 1984

This edition first published in 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1984 Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-138-85502-1 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-315-71284-0 (Set) (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-89093-0 (Volume 9) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-70994-9 (Volume 9) (ebk)

Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

KRITSMAN
AND THE
AGRARIAN MARXISTS

Edited by
Terry Cox and Gary Littlejohn

FRANK CASS

First published 1984 in Great Britain by
FRANK CASS AND COMPANY LIMITED
Gainsborough House, 11 Gainsborough Road,
London E11 1RS

and in the United States of America by
FRANK CASS AND COMPANY LIMITED
c/o Biblio Distribution Center
81 Adams Drive, P.O.Box 327, Totowa, N.J. 07511

Copyright 1984 Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Kritsman and the Agrarian Marxists.
1. Kritsman, L.N.2. PeasantrySoviet Union
I. Cox, Terry II. Littlejohn, Gary
307.720947HD1536.R9

ISBN 0-7146-3237-6

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Main entry under title:
Kritsman and the Agrarian Marxists.

(The Journal of peasant studies ; v. 11, no.2)
Bibliography: p.
1. PeasantrySoviet UnionHistory.2. Social
classesSoviet UnionHistory.3. Agriculture and
stateSoviet UnionHistory.4. Soviet UnionRural
conditions.5. Kritsman, L. (Lev), 18901938.I. Cox.
Terry.II. Littlejohn, Gary.III. Series.
HD1513.A3J68 vol. 11, no. 2305.563s83-25225
[HD1536.S65][305.563]
ISBN 0-7146-32376

This group of studies first appeared in a Special Issue on Kritsman and the Agrarian Marxists of The Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2, published by Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of Frank Cass and Company Limited.

Printed in Great Britain by
John Wright and Sons (Printing) Ltd,
at The Stonebridge Press, Bristol

Contents

Terry Cox

Gary Littlejohn

L. N. Kritsman

The scholarly work on the countryside done in pre-1917 Russia and in the Soviet Union in the 1920s was of a remarkably high quality: of a higher quality, probably, than that on the peasantry of any country before or since. In that corpus, perhaps least known is the work of L. N. Kritsman and those influenced by him the so-called Agrarian Marxists. Yet the quality of that work was extremely high and it was very original. Moreover, its significance is more than historical, since it has great relevance to the study of peasantries in contemporary poor countries and especially to the analysis of peasant differentiation.

This special issue will help dispel ignorance of this important body of writing. It has been prepared by two guest editors, Terry Cox and Gary Littlejohn, both of whom are specialists on the Soviet Union and both of whom have been working on Kritsman and the Agrarian Marxists for several years. Here they share the results of that work in three major pieces: the first, by Cox, a detailed account of the work of Kritsman and his school; the second, on the political context of the work of the Agrarian Marxists and on the significance of determining the nature of the class structure in the Soviet Union in the 1920s; and the third, an abridged translation of one of Kritsmans important works, Class Stratification of the Soviet Countryside.

T. B. BYRES
C. A. CURWEN

Artel	an association or collective of producers, made up of craftsmen or peasants
Barshchina	a system of feudal forced labour required from peasants by landowners
Batrak	agricultural wage labourer
Bednyak	poor peasant
CPSU	Communist Party of the Soviet Union
CW	Collected Works
Desyatin	a measurement of area: 1 desyatin = 1.09 hectares = 2.7 acres
Dvor	peasant household
Gosplan	State Planning Commission
Guberniya	province
Khozyain	head of the household
Khutor	a farmstead, physically separated from a village, and not subject to communal repartition
Kolkhoz	collective farm
Kombedy	Committees of Poor Peasants
Kulak	rich peasant, usually hiring labour
Mir	peasant community; government of the community
Narkomtrud	Peoples Commissariat of Labour
NEP	New Economic Policy
Oblast	largest administrative unit of local government after 1929 when it replaced the guberniya
Obshchina	commune
Okrug	subdivision of the oblast
Otrub	consolidated farm land, outside the village, and not subject to communal repartition, but without the farm-house which remained inside the village
Promysly	crafts, trades or outside work producing an income
Rabkrin	Peoples Commissariat of Workers and Peasants Inspection
Raion	subdivision of okrug and oblast
RSDLP	Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
RSFSR	Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic
Serednyak	middle peasant
Smychka	alliance between the working class and peasants
S.R.s.	The Socialist Revolutionary Party
Ts.S.U.	Central Statistical Administration
Tyaglo

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