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A Jewish Archive
from Old Cairo

CULTURE AND CIVILISATION
IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Series Editor

Ian R. Netton
University of Leeds

This series studies the Middle East through the twin foci of its diverse cultures and civilisations. Comprising original monographs as well as scholarly surveys, it covers topics in the fields of Middle Eastern literature, archaeology, law, history, thought, science, folklore, art, architecture and language. While there will be a plurality of views, the series presents serious scholarship in a lucid and stimulating fashion.

Qur'an Translation
Discourse, Texture and Exegesis
Hussein Abdul-Raof

The Origins of Islamic Law
The Qur'an, the Muwatta and Madinan Amal
Yasin Dutton

A Jewish Archive from Old Cairo
The History of Cambridge University's Genizah Collection
Stefan C. Reif

A Jewish Archive
from Old Cairo

The History of Cambridge University's
Genizah Collection

Stefan C. Reif

Professor of Medieval Hebrew Studies
Director of Genizah Research
and Fellow of St John's College
University of Cambridge

First Published in 2000
by Routledge
Richmond, Surrey

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016

Transferred to Digital Printing 2010

2000 Stefan C. Reif

Typeset in Sabon by LaserScript Ltd, Mitcham, Surrey

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book has been requested

ISBN 0-7007-1276-3 (hbk)
ISBN 0-7007-1312-3 (pbk)

Publisher's Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent.

For our dearest grandchildren in the Jewish homeland
Gidon, Shoshi, Dani, Nili, Zaki and Ro'i

CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

CHAPTER 1

Map of Cairo, showing the Ben Ezra synagogue in the medieval part of the city

Synagogue officials depositing worn-out texts in the Genizah

Searching for Genizah treasures in the Basatin Cemetery near Cairo, 1979

Elkan Nathan Adler, Anglo-Jewish lawyer and bibliophile, 18611946

Ben Ezra synagogue before restoration, 1990

Ben Ezra synagogue after restoration, 1991

CHAPTER 2

Medieval Cambridge with the Jewish areas marked

The building that housed the University Library 100 years ago and is now used for administrative offices

Henry Bradshaw, Cambridge University Librarian, 18671886

W. H. Lowe of Christ's College, non-Jewish scholar of rabbinic literature and lecturer in Hebrew at Christ's 18751891, with details of his weight in the rowing club

S. M. Schiller-Szinessy, Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature in the University of Cambridge, 18661890

CHAPTER 3

Solomon Schechter in London, 1887

Francis Jenkinson, Cambridge University Librarian, 18891924

Charles Taylor, Master of St John's College Cambridge, 18811908

Mrs Margaret Gibson, on a camel in the Near East, 1893

Mrs Agnes Lewis, disembarking from a boat in Egypt, 1893

CHAPTER 4

Rabbi Solomon Wertheimer of Jerusalem, Genizah editor and dealer, 18661935

Professor D. S. Margoliouth, 18581940, Laudian Professor of Arabic in the University of Oxford

Solomon Schechter's letter of 13 May 1896, identifying the Ben Sira fragment

The 10th-century fragment of Ben Sira purchased by Mrs Lewis and identified by Dr Schechter (Or. 1102)

Rabbi Aaron Raphael Ben Shimon, 18481928, Chief Rabbi of Cairo

Solomon Schechter at work in Cambridge University Library, 1898 (Cambridge University Library)

Hebrew translation of the Latin letter of thanks from the University of Cambridge to the Jewish community of Cairo, 1898

CHAPTER 5

Hebrew Bible text with masoretic notes in designs (T-S A2.7)

Palimpsest showing 10th-century Hebrew poetry imposed on 6th-century Greek translation of the Bible (T-S 20.50)

Biblical Hebrew text written in Arabic characters (T-S Ar.41.18)

Scribal colophon dating from 924 c.e. with a liturgical note (T-S A42.2)

Damascus or Zadokite Document, found in the Genizah 50 years before the discovery of other literature of the Dead Sea (T-S 10K6)

CHAPTER 6

Text from the Palestinian Talmud (Yerushalmi) (T-S F17.20)

A note attributing Halakhot Pesuqot to R. Yehudai Gaon (T-S K6.188)

Repairing a vellum fragment of the Sefer ha-Shetarot of R. Saadya Gaon (882942) (T-S Ar.50.221)

10th-century Palestinian version of the grace after meals (Or.1080 15.4)

Passover Haggadah from 14th-century Spain (T-S K10.1)

Poems written by Dunash ibn Labrat and his wife, dating from the 10th century (T-S NS 143.46)

CHAPTER 7

Map of the Near East in the 12th century (W. C. Brice, An Historical Atlas of Islam )

The verses set to music by Obadiah the Proselyte (T-S K5.41)

Petition to the 11th-century Caliph al-Mustansir about a murder on a Nile boat (T-S Ar.42.158)

The law-book of Anan, the founder of Karaism (T-S 16.364)

List of burial sites to be visited in the 15th-century Holy Land (T-S K21.69)

Letter describing the departure of Judah Ha-Levi from Egypt to Israel in 1141 (T-S AS 146.6)

Letter of recommendation written by Moses Maimonidcs (11381204) for his friend Isaac al-Dar'i (T-S 12.192)

CHAPTER 8

Jewish marriage document describing a mixed marriage between a Karaite woman and a Rabbanite man (T-S 24.1)

Bridegroom uvia ben Eli promises to behave and not to go drinking with the boys (T-S 20.160)

Marriage document, including a stipulation that the bride may sue for divorce if she no longer cares for her husband (T-S 24.68)

Cantor regrets his absence from his family, particularly from his darling little boy (T-S 13J20.9)

The story of the lioness and the lion cub from the medieval Arabic tales Kalla Wa-Dimna (T-S Ar.51.60)

Block-print predating the invention of conventional printing by a century (Or.1080 J50)

CHAPTER 9

A ruling board for the scribe or his trainee (T-S K11.54)

An inscription prepared for a bookcase speaks out in favour of knowledge (T-S Ar.5.1)

A Latin note (inverted, bottom right) has been added (by a Crusader?) concerning the authorship of a commentary on Isaiah (T-S 12.722)

A trilingual version in Hebrew, Aramaic and Judaeo-Arabic of the Joseph story (T-S B1.25)

Yiddish letter from a Jerusalem woman to her son in Cairo, 1567 (T-S Misc.36 L1)

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