C.P. Tiele - Comparative History of the Egyptian and Mesopotamian Religions: Vol I - History of the Egyptian Religion

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Trbners Oriental Series

COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF THE EGYPTIAN AND MESOPOTAMIAN RELIGIONS

Trbners Oriental Series

ANCIENT NEAR EAST

In 6 Volumes

I	The History of Esarhaddon
Ernest A Budge
II	Studies in Biblical and Semitic Symbolism
Maurice H Farbridge
III	A Talmudic Miscellany
Paul Isaac Hershon
IV	Eastern Proverbs and Emblems
J Long
V	Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages
De Lacy OLeary
VI	Comparative History of the Egyptian and Mesopotamian Religions
C P Tiele

First published in 1882 by

Trbner & Co Ltd

Reprinted in 2000 by

Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Transferred to Digital Printing 2007

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

1882 C P Tiele

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders of the works reprinted in Trbners Oriental Series.

This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies we have been unable to trace.

These reprints are taken from original copies of each book. In many cases the condition of these originals is not perfect. The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of these reprints, but wishes to point out that certain characteristics of the original copies will, of necessity, be apparent in reprints thereof.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Comparative History of the Egyptian and Mesopotamian Religions

ISBN 0-415-24461-7

Ancient Near East: 6 Volumes

ISBN 0-415-24284-3

Trbners Oriental Series

ISBN 0-415-23188-4

COMPARATIVE HISTORY

OF THE

EGYPTIAN AND MESOPOTAMIAN RELIGIONS.

B Y C. P. TIELE.

EGYPT, BABEL-ASSUR, YEMEN, HARRAN, PHNICIA, ISRAEL.

VOL. I. HISTORY OF THE EGYPTIAN RELIGION.

TRANSLATED FROM THE DUTCH, WITH THE CO-OPERATION OF THE AUTHOR,

B Y JAMES BALLINGAL.

LONDON:

TRBNER & CO., LUDGATE HILL.

1882.

[All rights reserved.]

HISTORY

OF THE

EGYPTIAN RELIGION.

BY

DR. C. P. TIELE.

TRANSLATED FROM THE DUTCH, WITH THE CO-OPERATION OF THE AUTHOR,

BY JAMES BALLINGAL.

LONDON:

TRBNER & CO., LUDGATE HILL.

1882.

[All rights reserved.]

Authors Preface.

T HIS volume is the English translation of the first portion of my Comparative History of the Egyptian and Mesopotamian (Hamitic and Semitic) Religions. It has been considered advisable not to publish more than this first portion at present; but should it be received favourably, the publication of the other portion, which treats of the Babylonian-Assyrian religion, and of the religions of Phnicia and Israel, will, it is intended, follow.

While the present volume may be looked upon as forming by itself a separate whole, I, nevertheless, wish it to be kept in mind that it has been written as part of a larger work, and from the point of view of comparative religious history. It does not claim to be an exhaustive history of the Egyptian religion.

Owing to the progress made in Egyptian studies since 1872, when the original work was published, revision has been necessary, and numerous alterations and additions have been made. Of this thorough revision the English translation has had full advantage, and may, in fact, be considered as an amended and improved version of the original work.

I gave my sanction to the translation being made; and after having gone over it carefully, I can testify that Mr. Ballingal has throughout reproduced my thoughts with the greatest accuracy.

C. P. TIELE.

L EIDEN , 1882.

CONTENTS.

.

Antiquity of Egyptian civilisationOrigin and race of Egyptian peopleConstituent elements of the populationNorth and South

.

Greek accountsEgyptian recordsBook of the DeadMagical papyriSacred hymns, &c.

.

Antiquity of Egyptian worshipsOsiris - worshipSetHorosIsisNephthysHathorThotAnubisSeb and NuThe Sun myth and the doctrine of Immortality

.

HeliopolisCorrespondence of Osiris- and Ra-worshipRa-TumDualistic character of Heliopolitan worshipHymns of RaShu and TefnutReview

.

MemphisPtah-worshipNot PhnicianSechet (Bast) and NeithSekruAnimal worshipDeification of kingsReligion under Chufu and ChafraThe templesReligion under the Sixth DynastyReview

DynastiesChem, god of KoptosMunt, of HermonthisReligion of this period agricultural in characterOther worships not neglectedChnum, Sati, and AnukaSebakHpi, god of the NileReview

The HykssReligion under themThe new kingdomAmun of ThebesAmun-raApproach to monotheismChonsuOther gods reformed after pattern of Amun-raReligious revolution under Amenophis IV.Aten-raReaction under HoremhibReligion under Seti I. and Ramses II.Apis-worshipTreaty with ChetasirDecline of SouthIncrease of priestly power and of superstitionReview

.

Preponderance of the NorthReligion of MendesOf BubastisSechet and Bast two forms of the same deityEthiopian conquerorsPianchiAmim-meri-nutReligion under the Saitic kingsTown and temple of SasCambysesUzahor-pen-resOracle of AmunTransition to Universalism

.

Two principal phenomenaHypothesis of esoteric and exoteric doctrineSymbolic-mystic tendencyCombination of monotheism and polytheismEgyptian religion symbolic, theocratic, monarchic, polytheisticPrincipal idea, lifeReligion and artReligion and morality

Introduction.

M Y purpose is to write a chapter of the comparative history of the ancient religions, not a religious history of antiquity. The latter would perhaps be the more interesting of the two, but I do not think that the time for it has yet come, and I for one do not, at the present stage of our knowledge, feel equal to the task.1 It would indeed be a most attractive undertaking to delineate the development of religion among the different nations of antiquity who have succeeded each other in the sovereignty of the world; or, in other words, to sketch religious thought in history. But, in order to do this, to climb painfully step by step from the lowest to the more advanced, from rude nature-worship to religions in which the moral order of the world is recognised and reverenced side by side with the natural, and from these again up to others in which moral ideas are exclusively dominant and the standpoint of nature-worship wholly abandoned,to do this, we must first possess an historical view of the different religions themselves mutually compared, and that is what I shall now in part endeavour to give.

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