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Brian C. Brewer - Martin Luther and the Seven Sacraments: A Contemporary Protestant Reappraisal

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Brian C. Brewer Martin Luther and the Seven Sacraments: A Contemporary Protestant Reappraisal
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This introduction to Luthers sacramental theology explores the medieval churchs understanding of the seven sacraments, the Protestant rationale for keeping or eliminating each sacrament, and implications for contemporary theology and worship.

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Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page

2017 by Brian C. Brewer

Published by Baker Academic

a division of Baker Publishing Group

PO Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287

www.bakeracademic.com

Ebook edition created 2017

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any meansfor example, electronic, photocopy, recordingwithout the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

ISBN 978-1-4934-1086-6

Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1989, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations labeled KJV are from the King James Version of the Bible.

Scripture quotations labeled NET are from the NET BIBLE, copyright 19962006 by Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. http://netbible.com . Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations labeled NIV are from the Holy Bible, New International Version. NIV. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com

Scripture quotations labeled RSV are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1952 [2nd edition, 1971] by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Special thanks to Yale University Press for permission to reproduce a passage from Heiko A. Oberman, Luther: Man between God and the Devil (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006), in chapter 5 below.

Endorsements

With characteristic robustness, Martin Luther dismissed all but two of the seven sacraments of the mediaeval church. Yet Luther valued the spiritual support that people received from the ceremonies associated with penance, confirmation, marriage, ordination, and even extreme unction. He devised ways of capturing the beneficial purpose of each rite while insisting on the absolute priority of faith as the way of salvation. In Martin Luther and the Seven Sacraments , Brian Brewer reviews Luthers teaching in this field, compares it with the opinions of subsequent reformers, and recommends methods of reviving the legitimate purposes of the seven sacraments in Protestantism today. This book is a model of the use of historical theology as a resource for the contemporary church.

David Bebbington , University of Stirling, Scotland; Baylor University

This excellent volume by Brian Brewer is an important exploration of Luthers sacramental theology. Brewer not only offers a convincing historical portrayal of how Luther reframed the sacraments but also probes possibilities for enriching contemporary Protestant practices. For those seeking greater understanding of the Lutheran Reformation and for those involved in contemporary ecclesial life in an ecumenical context, this stimulating study is essential reading.

Ian Randall , Spurgeons College, London; International Baptist Theological Study Centre, Amsterdam

Martin Luther and the Seven Sacraments is both a historical review and a practical retrievala must read for anyone interested in how the sacraments and rituals of the church have been and are to be understood. In leading us through the remains of medieval Catholic and early Protestant church towers, Brewer not only offers us a banister with which to steady ourselves but may have even got hold of the bell rope.

David Wilhite , George W. Truett Theological Seminary, Baylor University

In this searching and carefully researched book, Brian Brewer wears his considerable learning lightly. His thoroughbut thoroughly Protestantappreciation of Christian practices thought by Roman Catholics to be sacraments reveals their value even for Protestants. That marriage is not a sacrament does not mean it is trivial; that ordination is not a sacrament must not hide its importance. Brewers work is ecumenical in the best sense of the word. Rather than pretending that no differences remain among Christian communions, it mines the depths of our traditions for nuggets of wisdom and insight. As the church observes five hundred years of Reformation, this book will help us remember what must be retained and what can be let go.

Derek Nelson , Wabash College

Dedication

Fr Brittany,

die meine Liebe fr Luther teilt

Epigraph

It is dangerous

to remember the past only

for its own sake, dangerous

to deliver a message

that you did not get.

Wendell Berry

Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Endorsements

Dedication

Epigraph

Preface

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Introduction

1. Penance: The Once Third Protestant Sacrament

2. Confirmation: A Ceremony for the Laying On of Hands

3. Marriage: A Public Ordinance

4. Ordination: A Man-Made Fiction

5. Extreme Unction: Anointing the Sick

6. Baptism: The Untouched and Untainted Sacrament

7. The Lords Supper: The Most Important of All

Conclusion

Bibliography

Subject Index

Name Index

Back Cover

Preface

The title of this book may strike some as curious and others as absurd. The vast majority of Protestants through history have believed there to be only two sacraments or ordinances: baptism and the Lords Supper. Since the reforms of Martin Luther in the early Reformation period of the sixteenth century, this has consistently been the case. On the other hand, Roman Catholicism has historically avowed seven sacraments of the churchadding confirmation, holy orders (ordination), penance (reconciliation), matrimony, and extreme unction (or anointing of the sick) to baptism and the Lords Supperoriginating from its medieval practice, and it later reaffirmed this number in response to the development of Protestantism. Protestants thus believe in two sacraments, Catholics in seven. Hence this book may seem to be mistitled.

Yet this summation belies the whole picture. Even though Luther and his Reformation successors reduced the number of sacraments, they never intended to diminish most of the sacraments material practice in the Christian faith. Their diminution, and even abandonment in some circles, has nevertheless become the unfortunate outcome within most Protestant congregations. Now, for centuries, Christians from the Protestant tradition have ignored important traditional and often biblical disciplines in their faith because of their misunderstanding of Luthers intentions. This book will review the thoughts of Martin Luther and many of the other Protestant Reformers in the sixteenth century to see how they actually attempted to shape their Christian followers regarding the sacraments and practices of the Christian faith.

To be clear, the book will not recommend a recovery of the seven sacraments for Protestant practice. Luther, Zwingli, Calvin, and the Anabaptists, the great leaders who shaped Protestantism as we inherit it today, though differing from This book will not challenge their numbering. Yet often overlooked is that the Reformers also sought to reorder and reframe several other long-held practices within the Christian tradition. This book intends to underscore both the importance of the two Protestant sacraments and a robust understanding of other Christian practices that help to strengthen a Christians faith in Christ.

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