2016 by Charles A. Bobertz
Published by Baker Academic
a division of Baker Publishing Group
P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287
www.bakeracademic.com
Ebook edition created 2016
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any meansfor example, electronic, photocopy, recordingwithout the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
ISBN 978-1-4934-0571-8
Unless otherwise indicated, all translations of Scripture and other ancient works are those of the author.
Scripture quotations labeled NAB are from the New American Bible with Revised New Testament and Revised Psalms 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, DC, and are used by permission of the copyright owner. All rights reserved. No part of the New American Bible may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
Scripture quotations labeled NRSV are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1989, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
This book is dedicated to the memory of my parents,
Sarah (Hall) and William Bobertz.
Their love of learning was infectious.
May they now enjoy the eternal banquet with Christ.
Contents
Acknowledgments
After working on a book for many years there is in ones heart more gratitude than can possibly be expressed. I would like to thank my family: my wife of thirty-four years, Mary, and my now-grown children, Sarah and Thomas. Their constant love and support brightened every day in which I was working on this project. I would like to thank my faculty and staff colleagues in the department and School of Theology at St. Johns University in Minnesota. It is a privilege to teach New Testament in a place that gives witness to fifteen hundred years of Benedictine liturgy and prayer. The dean of the School of Theology, Bill Cahoy, deserves a special note of gratitude for his constant encouragement of my writing. My students throughout the years, graduate and undergraduate, have pushed me in ways that made the final version of this book better. Several of these graduate students, including Mark Nussberger, Shawn Powers, and Ben De Bono, provided valuable research assistance. In addition I would like to thank all those colleagues who have read all or parts of this book. Their comments and reactions helped me to think through so much of what is presented here. Of these Stephen J. Patterson of Willamette University, my closest friend since we grew up together on the plains of South Dakota, deserves special thanks. Finally, I am so very grateful for the financial support given to me in these years of writing by the faculty development committee at St. Johns University.
Abbreviations
Old Testament
Gen. | Genesis |
Exod. | Exodus |
Lev. | Leviticus |
Num. | Numbers |
Deut. | Deuteronomy |
Josh. | Joshua |
Judg. | Judges |
Ruth | Ruth |
12 Sam. | 12 Samuel |
12 Kings | 12 Kings |
12 Chron. | 12 Chronicles |
Ezra | Ezra |
Neh. | Nehemiah |
Esther | Esther |
Job | Job |
Ps. (Pss.) | Psalm (Psalms) |
Prov. | Proverbs |
Eccles. | Ecclesiastes |
Song of Sol. | Song of Solomon |
Isa. | Isaiah |
Jer. | Jeremiah |
Lam. | Lamentation |
Ezek. | Ezekiel |
Dan. | Daniel |
Hosea | Hosea |
Joel | Joel |
Amos | Amos |
Obad. | Obadiah |
Jon. | Jonah |
Mic. | Micah |
Nah. | Nahum |
Hab. | Habakkuk |
Zeph. | Zephaniah |
Hag. | Haggai |
Zech. | Zechariah |
Mal. | Malachi |
New Testament
Matt. | Matthew |
Mark | Mark |
Luke | Luke |
John | John |
Acts | Acts |
Rom. | Romans |
12 Cor. | 12 Corinthians |
Gal. | Galatians |
Eph. | Ephesians |
Phil. | Philippians |
Col. | Colossians |
12 Thess. | 12 Thessalonians |
12 Tim. | 12 Timothy |
Titus | Titus |
Philem. | Philemon |
Heb. | Hebrews |
James | James |
12 Pet. | 12 Peter |
13 John | 13 John |
Jude | Jude |
Rev. | Revelation |
Ancient Texts
Did. | Didache |
Ignatius, Eph . | To the Ephesians |
Ignatius, Smyr . | To the Smyrnaeans |
Ignatius, Trall . | To the Trallians |
Irenaeus, Haer . | Adversus haereses |
LXX | Septuagint |
Pliny, Ep . | Letter to Trajan |
General and Bibliographic
AASF | Annales Academiae scientiarum fennicae |
AER | American Ecclesiastical Review |
ALBO | Analecta lovaniensia biblica et orientalia |
ANRW | Aufsteig und Niedergang der rmischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung . Part 2, Principat . Edited by Hildegard Temporini and Wolfgang Haase. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1972 |
ASBT | Acadia Studies in Bible and Theology |
AsSeign | Assembles du Seigneur |
AThR | Anglican Theological Review |
BBB | Bonner biblische Beitrge |
BBR | Bulletin for Biblical Research |
BETL | Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium |
Bib | Biblica |
BibInt | Biblical Interpretation Series |
BibLeb | Bibel und Leben |
BiBR | Bibliographies for Biblical Research |
BJRL | Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester |
BJS | Brown Judaic Studies |
BR | Biblical Research |
BRBS | Brills Readers in Biblical Studies |
BRev | Bible Review |
BTB | Biblical Theology Bulletin |
BZ | Biblische Zeitschrift |
BZNW | Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fr die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der lteren Kirche |
CBQ | Catholic Biblical Quarterly |
CBQMS | Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series |
CC | Cross Currents |
CNT | Commentaire du Nouveau Testament |
ConBNT | Coniectanea biblica: New Testament Series |
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