Rupert Sheldrake - Arguing Science: A Dialogue on the Future of Science and Spirit

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Table of Contents

Footnotes

Notes for Rupert Sheldrake Interview

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (17491832), the author of The Sorrows of Young Werther , Elective Affinities , Wilhelm Meister , Poetry and Truth , East-West Divan , Faust (Parts I and II), and many other works in prose and verse. Goethe was very interested in the natural sciences, conducting his own observations and experiments. He published many works on scientific subjects, including The Metamorphosis of Plants (1790) and Theory of Color (1810), as well as numerous shorter scientific studies.

University of Chicago Press, 1962.

See Donna J. Haraway, Crystals, Fabrics, and Fields: Metaphors of Organicism in Twentieth-Century Developmental Biology , Yale University Press, 1976; and Erik Peterson, The Conquest of Vitalism or the Eclipse of Organicism? The 1930s Cambridge Organizer Project and the Social Network of Mid-Twentieth-Century Biology, British Journal for the History of Science, 2014, 47: 281304.

Univeristy of Michigan Library, 1896.

Blond & Briggs, 1981. First U.S. ed.: J.P. Tarcher, 1982; second U.S. ed.: Park Street Press, 1999; third U.S. ed. (retitled Morphic Resonance: The Nature of Formative Causation ): Park Street Press, 2009.

Deepak Chopra, 2013; p. 93.

Oxford University Press, 2012; p. 1

Scientism is a term that occurs repeatedly throughout this text. The authors disagree as to its fundamental definition, and in fact, their disagreement about this singular words definition goes to the heart of their disagreement about the nature of science. According to Dr. Shermer: scientism is a scientific world view that encompasses natural explanations for all phenomena, eschews supernatural and paranormal speculations, and embraces empiricism and reason as the twin pillars of a philosophy of life appropriate for an Age of Science. According to both Dr. Sheldrake and the Merriam Webster Dictionary, scientism is [an] exaggerated trust in the efficacy of the methods of natural science applied to all areas of investigation (as in philosophy, the social sciences, and the humanities).

Notes for Michael Shermer Interview

Henry Holt and Co., 2015. The title alludes to a famous line from one of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s, speeches: The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice.

Ruperts Resonance, Scientific American , October 24, 2005.

The exact relationship between the earlier natural law and the later natural rights traditions is convoluted and, in part, contested; however, there is no doubt of the deep connection between the two traditions. For the philosophical issues involved, see John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights , Oxford UP, 1980. For the history, see M.B. Crowe, The Changing Profile of the Natural Law , Martinus Nijhoff, 1977, Knud Haakonssen, Natural Law and Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to the Scottish Enlightenment , Cambridge UP, 1996, and Brian Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law, (11501625), Scholars Press, 1997.

Viking, 2011.

Joseph Butler, Five Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel and a Dissertation upon the Nature of Virtue , ed. by Stephen L. Darwall, Hackett Publishing Co., 1983; originally published as a group of 15 sermons in 1726. See, especially, the first three sermons, which are collectively entitled Upon Human Nature. This idea and some of its history have been beautifully developed in a wonderful little book called The Inner Check , E. Wright, 1974, by the late Swedish philosopher Folke Leander, which we recommend to everyone.

Notes to Shermers Opening Statement on 3a. Mental Action at a Distance

Wiseman, Richard and Marilyn Schlitz (1997) Experimenter Effects and the Remote Detection of Staring, Journal of Parapsychology : 197207.

Freeman, Anthony, ed. (2005) Sheldrake and His Critics: The Sense of Being Glared At, Journal of Consciousness Studies , (6).

115: 418.

Hyman, Ray (1994) Anomaly or Artifact? Comments on Bem and Honorton, Psychological Bulletin , : 1924.

Milton, Julie and Richard Wiseman (1999) Does Psi Exist? Lack of Replication of an Anomalous Process of Information Transfer, Psychological Bulletin , 125: 387391.

Notes to Rupert Sheldrakes Response on 3b. Mental Action at a Distance

Williams, B.J. (2011) Revisiting the Ganzfeld ESP Debate: A Basic Review and Assessment, Journal of Scientific Exploration , : 639661 (Download PDF: DeanRadin.com/evidence/Williams2011Ganz.pdf )

Milton, J. (1999) Should ganzfeld research continue to be crucial in the search for a replicable psi effect? Journal of Parapsychology , : 309333.

Mossbridge, et al. (2012) Predictive physiological anticipation preceding seemingly unpredictable stimuli: a meta-analysis, Frontiers in Psychology : 116 (Download PDF: DeanRadin.com/evidence/Mossbridge2012Presentiment.pdf )

Carter, C. (2010) Heads I lose, Tails you win, or, How Richard Wiseman nullifies positive results and what to do about it, Journal of the Society for Psychical Research , : 156167; McLuhan, R. Randis Prize: What Skeptics Say About the Paranormal, Why They Are Wrong and Why It Matters . Matador, 2010. Storr, W. The Unpersuadables: Adventures with the Enemies of Science . Overlook Press, 2014.

Watt, C., R. Wiseman, and M. Schlitz (2002) Tacit information in remote staring research: The Wiseman-Schlitz interviews, Paranormal Review : 1825.

Notes to Rupert Sheldrakes Opening Statement on 5A. God and Science

For an illuminating discussion of the traditional understanding of God in the Christian and other religious traditions, see David Bentley Hart, The Experience of God: Being, Consciousness, Bliss . Yale University Press, 2013.

New Revised Standard Version (NRSV).

Alistair Hardy, The Spiritual Nature of Man . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Harold G. Koenig, Medicine, Religion and Health: Where Science and Spirituality Meet . Templeton Foundation Press, 2008.

Ibid .; p. 143.

A Note to Rupert Sheldrakes Response on 6B. God and Science

Nick Spencer, Atheists: The Origin of the Species . London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014; Chap. 4.

CHAPTER 1

Rupert Sheldrakes Opening Statement

Dear Michael,

We agree about many things. We both think that scientific research and the scientific method are of enormous importance. We both believe in evolution. We share an interest in the history of science. And we are both in favor of skepticism.

Where we differ is in our degree of skepticism. I am more radical than you. I think we need to question the dogmas of science itself. As the physicist Richard Feynman observed, scientists need to find out not only what might be right about their theories, but also what might be wrong with them.

For more than 150 years, scientific orthodoxy has been based on the philosophy of materialism, the claim that all reality is material or physical. All of our own experiences are by-products of physical and chemical activities in our brains. Even God exists only as an idea in human minds, and hence in human heads. Brains are made up of unconscious matter and governed only by impersonal physical and chemical laws. Like all other features of living organisms, they have evolved through chance mutations and natural selection, without any purpose or direction.

These beliefs are powerful not because most scientists think about them critically, but because they dont. The facts of science are real enough, and so are the techniques that scientists use, and so are the technologies based on them. But the beliefs that govern conventional scientific thinking are an act of faith, grounded in a 19th-century ideology.

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