ZONDERVAN
Hell under Fire
Copyright 2007 by Christopher W. Morgan and Robert A. Peterson
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ePub Edition JULY 2009 ISBN: 978-0-310-83128-0
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hell under fire / Christopher W. Morgan and Robert A. Peterson, general editors1st ed.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-310-24041-7
1. HellChristianity. 2. HellBiblical teaching. I. Morgan, Christopher W. 1971-II. Peterson, Robert A., 1948-.
BT836.3.H45 2004
236.25dc22 2004006766
CIP
All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the Holy Bible: New International Version. NIV. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved.
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any otherexcept for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.
06 07 08 09 10 / DC/ 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
We affectionately dedicate this book to our students, at
California Baptist University and Covenant Theological Seminary,
respectively, who have helped us grapple with issues
concerning heaven and hell.
CHRISTOPHER W. MORGAN AND ROBERT A. PETERSON
Gregory K. Beale (Ph.D., University of Cambridge), Chair of Biblical Studies and Professor of New Testament, Wheaton College Graduate School
Daniel I. Block (D.Phil., University of Liverpool), Associate Dean and Professor of Old Testament Interpretation, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
Sinclair B. Ferguson (Ph.D., University of Aberdeen), Professor of Systematic Theology, Westminster Theological Seminary
R. Albert Mohler Jr. (Ph.D., Southern Baptist Theological Seminary), President and Professor of Christian Theology, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
Douglas J. Moo (Ph.D., University of St. Andrews), Professor of New Testament, Wheaton College Graduate School
Christopher W. Morgan (Ph.D., Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary), Associate Dean and Associate Professor of Theology, California Baptist University
J. I. Packer (D.Phil., Oxford University), Board of Governors and Professor of Theology, Regent College
Robert A. Peterson (Ph.D., Drew University), Professor of Systematic Theology, Covenant Theological Seminary
Robert W. Yarbrough (Ph.D., University of Aberdeen), Chair and Professor of New Testament, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School
AB | Anchor Bible |
ABD | Anchor Bible Dictionary |
ACUTE | Evangelical Alliance Commission on Unity and Truth Among Evangelicals |
AnBib | Analecta biblica |
ANF | Ante-Nicene Fathers |
BA | Biblical Archaeologist |
BAR | Biblical Archaeology Review |
BBR | Bulletin for Biblical Research |
BibOr | Biblica et orientalia |
BSac | Bibliotheca sacra |
BST | The Bible Speaks Today |
CBQ | Catholic Biblical Quarterly |
ChrT | Christianity Today |
COS | The Context of Scripture, ed. W. W. Hallo (3 vols.) |
CTR | Criswell Theological Review |
ESV | English Standard Version |
EvQ | Evangelical Quarterly |
ERT | Evangelical Review of Theology |
HAR | Hebrew Annual Review |
HNTC | Harpers New Testament Commentaries |
HTR | Harvard Theological Review |
ICC | International Critical Commentary |
JANESCU | Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University |
JAOS | Journal of the American Oriental Society |
JBL | Journal of Biblical Literature |
JETS | Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society |
JSOTSup | Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplements Series |
KTU | Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit, ed. M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartn |
LXX | Septuagint |
NASB | New American Standard Bible |
NCB | New Century Bible |
NICNT | New International Commentary on the New Testament |
NICOT | New International Commentary on the Old Testament |
NIGTC | New International Greek Testament Commentary |
NIV | New International Version |
NIVAC | NIV Application Commentary |
NLT | New Living Translation |
NPNF | Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers |
NRSV | New Revised Standard Version |
OTL | Old Testament Library |
Presb | Presbyterion |
RelS | Religious Studies |
SJT | Scottish Journal of Theology |
SNTSMS | Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series |
TDNT | Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Kittel and G. Friedrich |
TDOT | Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, ed. G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren |
TLOT | Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, ed. E. Jenni and C. Westermann |
TNIV | Todays New International Version |
TNTC | Tyndale New Testament Commentaries |
TOTC | Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries |
TrinJ | Trinity Journal |
UF | Ugarit-Forschungen |
VE | Vox evangelica |
VTSup | Vetus Testamentum Supplements |
WBC | Word Biblical Commentary |
ZNW | Zeitschrift fr die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft |
CHRISTOPHER W. MORGAN AND ROBERT A. PETERSON
A business was opening a new store, and a friend of the owner sent flowers for the occasion. The flowers arrived at the new business site, and the owner read the card, inscribed Rest in Peace.
The angry owner called the florist to complain. After he told the florist of the obvious mistake and how angry he was, the florist said, Sir, Im really sorry for the mistake, but rather than getting angry, you should imagine this: Somewhere there is a funeral taking place today, and they have flowers with a note that reads, Congratulations on your new location.
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