Craig C. Broyles - Psalms

G ENERAL E DITORS

W. Ward Gasque

Robert L. Hubbard Jr.

Robert K. Johnston

1999 by Craig C. Broyles

Published by Baker Books
a division of Baker Publishing Group
P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287
www.bakerbooks.com

Previously published jointly in 1999, in the United States by Hendrickson Publishers, and in the United Kingdom by the Paternoster Press.

Baker Books edition published 2012
ISBN 978-1-4412-3845-0

Ebook edition created 2012

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any meansfor example, electronic, photocopy, recordingwithout the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Scripture quotations are from the Holy Bible, New International Version. NIV . Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com

Table of Contents

Foreword

As an ancient document, the Old Testament often seems something quite foreign to modern men and women. Opening its pages may feel, to the modern reader, like traversing a kind of literary time warp into a whole other world. In that world sisters and brothers marry, long hair mysteriously makes men superhuman, and temple altars daily smell of savory burning flesh and sweet incense. There, desert bushes burn but leave no ashes, water gushes from rocks, and cities fall because people march around them. A different world, indeed!

Even God, the Old Testaments main character, seems a stranger compared to his more familiar New Testament counterpart. Sometimes the divine is portrayed as a loving father and faithful friend, someone who rescues people from their greatest dangers or generously rewards them for heroic deeds. At other times, however, God resembles more a cruel despot, one furious at human failures, raving against enemies, and bloodthirsty for revenge. Thus, skittish about the Old Testaments diverse portrayal of God, some readers carefully select which portions of the text to study, or they avoid the Old Testament altogether.

The purpose of this commentary series is to help readers navigate this strange and sometimes forbidding literary and spiritual terrain. Its goal is to break down the barriers between the ancient and modern worlds so that the power and meaning of these biblical texts become transparent to contemporary readers. How is this to be done? And what sets this series apart from others currently on the market?

This commentary series will bypass several popular approaches to biblical interpretation. It will not follow a precritical approach that interprets the text without reference to recent scholarly conversations. Such a commentary contents itself with offering little more than a paraphrase of the text with occasional supplements from archaeology, word studies, and classical theology. It mistakenly believes that there have been few insights into the Bible since Calvin or Luther. Nor will this series pursue an anticritical approach whose preoccupation is to defend the Bible against its detractors, especially scholarly ones. Such a commentary has little space left to move beyond showing why the Bibles critics are wrong to explaining what the biblical text means. The result is a paucity of vibrant biblical theology. Again, this series finds inadequate a critical approach that seeks to understand the text apart from belief in the meaning it conveys. Though modern readers have been taught to be discerning, they do not want to live in the desert of criticism either.

Instead, as its editors, we have sought to align this series with what has been labeled believing criticism . This approach marries probing, reflective interpretation of the text to loyal biblical devotion and warm Christian affection. Our contributors tackle the task of interpretation using the full range of critical methodologies and practices. Yet they do so as people of faith who hold the text in the highest regard. The commentators in this series use criticism to bring the message of the biblical texts vividly to life so the minds of modern readers may be illumined and their faith deepened.

The authors in this series combine a firm commitment to modern scholarship with a similar commitment to the Bibles full authority for Christians. They bring to the task the highest technical skills, warm theological commitment, and rich insight from their various communities. In so doing, they hope to enrich the life of the academy as well as the life of the church.

Part of the richness of this commentary series derives from its authors breadth of experience and ecclesial background. As editors, we have consciously brought together a diverse group of scholars in terms of age, gender, denominational affiliation, and race. We make no claim that they represent the full expression of the people of God, but they do bring fresh, broad perspectives to the interpretive task. But though this series has sought out diversity among its contributors, they also reflect a commitment to a common center. These commentators write as believing criticsscholars who desire to speak for church and academy, for academy and church. As editors, we offer this series in devotion to God and for the enrichment of Gods people.

R OBERT L. H UBBARD J R .

R OBERT K. J OHNSTON

Editors

Preface

If you want to know how to pray, read the Psalmsthis advice from one of my early Bible teachers has generated and nurtured my interest in the Psalms over the years. To encounter God, speak with him, and listen to him are the deepest longings of the human soul, though often ignored in the busyness and distractions of day-to-day life (as I can attest). Writing this commentary has been one of my greatest joys and greatest challenges. Even the most significant biblical commentaries can only shed light and send us back to the scriptures. It is in praying the Psalms that encounter with God takes place.

At the beginning of this project my mother came down with bacterial meningitis and fell into an eighteen-day coma. She miraculously survived but it has left her disabled. We thank the Lord she is still with us; her steadfast joy and courage are a sign of strength beyond ourselves, as is my fathers watchful devotion. At the end of this project my father-in-law died suddenly from a heart attack. Amidst these tragedies my wife and I also gained a new appreciation of the gift that life is with the births of our sons, Nathan and Stephen. These events have brought home to me that the psalms were carved out of the lives and deaths of real people. They are not mere words dispassionately plucked from a dictionary or composed from a poets quiet retreat, nor should any comment on them be made from the detached world of an academics library. It is one thing to comment on the literary artistry of well-crafted imagery or to comment on a theological critique of a cultural tradition; it is quite another to recognize that these cries and exultations are real human voices, and can give voice to our own pain and joy.

In the preface to my first book, my revised Ph.D. dissertation, I thanked my dear wife, Karelle, who has helped this specialist in lament to see new horizons of praise. I am grateful to God that this has continued to be true. She has urged me to climb the next ridge and also to see what has been right under my nosewith no little help from our sons, Nathan and Stephen. She has helped me perceive the gifts of God in the smallest details of nature and in the many relationships we enjoy, especially our own. I dedicate this book to Karelle and to the loving memory of her father, Rev. Dr. Bernard L. M. Embree.