John E. Rexine - Religion in Plato and Cicero

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgment is here made of a generous grant to the author from the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation, Inc., through the Colgate University Research Committee in support of the research that has made this book possible.

By the Same Author

Solon and His Political Theory

REFERENCES

I

Cicero, De Legibus I, 15; 20; II, 14; 23; III, 4; 12-13.

II

A. du Mesnil in his edition (Leipzig, 1879), pp. 5-6.

Plato, Republic IX, 592B 2-5.

Platos Laws employs three conversationalists, three old men, one of whom is an Athenian, one a Cretan by the name of Clinias, and a third, a Spartan who bears the name Megillus. The Athenian does most of the talking. We might append the epithet makrolgos to him. His listeners (for such is really the behavioral condition of his companions) have nothing to do and nothing to say that is spectacular or original for the progress of the discussion. Their national origin is significant inasmuch as the bulk of the Laws for the model politea are in reality drawn from those actually existent in Athens, Sparta, and Crete. The scene is set on the island of Crete, and the discussion occurs during their walk from Knossos to the cave of Zeus on Mount Ida.

Plato, Laws IV, 714E 6-716B 7. I follow the numbering of E. B. Englands edition of the Laws of Plato in two volumes, (Manchester: at the University Press, 1921). The reader is referred also to E. R. Dodds: The Greeks and the Irrational, (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1951) for certain relevant remarks on the Laws of Plato. The following references to the Laws in Dodds may be useful: on the impulses that bring on sacrilege, p. 177 (note 133); discussion on prayer to the sun, p. 232 (note 70); a discussion of the bad soul in Platos Laws, p. 227 (note 24); a discussion concerned with the bribing of the gods, pp. 222-223; on priesthood, p. 233 (note 71).

Plato, Laws IV, 716B 8-9.

Plato, Laws IV, 716C 1.

Homer, Odyssey XVII, 218.

Plato, Laws IV, 717A 1-718C 3.

Cf. Plato, Laws X, 910B 8-D 4 below.

Plato, Laws IV, 717B 6-C 5. This reverence for and attitude toward parents continues unabated even in Modern Greece.

Cf. Matthew XII, 36.

Plato, Laws IV, 718A 3-6.

A. E. Taylor, The Laws of Plato (London, 1934), p. xxxiv.

Plato, Laws V, 738B 2-E 8.

Plato, Laws VIII, 848C 7-E 2. Cf. also Ch. Picard: Les Agoras De Dieux en Grce, British School at Athens Annual, XLVI (1951), pp. 132-142 on the twelve gods.

Plato, Laws XII, 955E 4-956B 4.

Plato, Laws, VI, 771C 6-E 1.

Plato, Laws X, 909D 7-E 5.

Plato, Laws X, 910B 8-D 4.

Plato, Laws, V, 745D 7-E 2.

Plato, Laws VI, 753B 8-C 4.

See note 16 above.

Plato, Laws VI, 778C 4-D 1.

Plato, Laws XII, 935A 6-B 5. Cf. A. D. Nock: Cult of Heroes, Harvard Theological Review, XXXVII (1944), pp. 141-174.

Plato, Laws XII, 950E 4-951A 2.

Plato, Laws VI, 759A1-760A 5. On the exgeta, cf. the articles by James H. Oliver and Herbert Bloch on the subject. Herbert Bloch: The Exegetes of Athens and the Prytaneion Decree, American Journal of Philology, LXXIV (1953), pp. 407-418. Oliver bitterly criticizes both Blochs views and Blochs methods in his article, James H. Oliver: Jacobys Treatment of the Exegetes, A. J. P., LXXV (1954), pp. 160-174. Oliver contends that Jacobys and Blochs views on the number of exegetes and on the history of the institution are ill-founded; he further asserts that Blochs article is not the critical independent article that it purports to be. Cf. also Blochs latest reply, The Exegetes of Athens: A Reply, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology LXII (1957), pp. 37-49.

Plato, Laws VIII, 828A 1-D 5.

Plato, Laws VIII, 829B 7-C 5.

Plato, Laws II, 653C 9-D 5.

Plato, Laws VII, 799A 4-B 8; p. 82 of A. E. Taylors translation. Cf. also W. C. Greene: Platos View of Poetry, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 29 (1918), pp. 1-75. On Moira cf. William Chase Greene, Moira (Cambridge Mass.; Harvard University Press, 1944).

Plato, Laws VII, 801A 8-B 3.

Plato, Laws VII, 801E 1-4.

Plato, Laws XII, 958E 6-959A 4.

Plato, Laws XII, 947A 4-E 5.

Plato, Laws XII, 951D 7-E 3.

Plato, Laws IX, 853-854.

III

A. E. Taylor, The Laws of Plato, p. li.

A. E. Taylor, The Laws of Plato, p. li.

Plato, Laws XI, 930E 7-931A 3.

Plato, Laws X, 886A 1-5.

Plato, Laws X, 886D 4-E 2. Cf. Taylors introduction to the Laws, p. liii.

Plato, Laws X, 888C 1-C 7.

Plato, Laws X, 893B-899B.

Plato actually lists ten kinds of motion: (1) circular motion round a fixed center; (2) locomotion; (3) combination; (4) separation; (5) increase; (6) decrease; (7) becoming; (8) perishing; (9) secondary causation; (10) primary causation. The last two are the ones that are really significant for any discussion. On Platonic motion and the soul consult Harold Chernisss review of A. J. Festugire: La Revelation dHerms Trismgiste II, Le Dieu Cosmique, in Gnomon, 1950, pp. 204-16, but especially pp. 207-210. On motion in the Timaeus and the Laws and the World Soul, consult M. Meldrum: Plato and the , Journal of Hellenic Studies LXX (1950) pp. 65-74.

Plato, Laws X, 895D 4-5.

Plato, Laws X, 896A 1-2.

Plato, Laws X, 896A 3-4

Cf. Plato, Phaedrus 245C-E.

Plato, Laws X, 896E 5-6. Cf. H. Cherniss on the soul as cited above, note 45.

Plato, Laws X, 899B 3-10.

See pp. liv-lv of A. E. Taylors The Laws of Plato.

Plato, Laws X, 902D 2-5.

Plato, Laws X, 903C 2-D 1.

Plato, Laws X, 904E 4-905A 4. 55b. Plato, Laws X, 906D 2-5.

Plato, Laws X, 907D 7-E 7.

Plato, Laws X, 908A 1-7.

Plato, Laws X, 908A-909D 1.

Plato, Laws XII, 967D 4-E1.

IV

Cicero, De Legibus I, 7. 24-25.

Cicero, De Legibus I, 22. 58-59.

Cicero, De Legibus II, 4. 8.

Cicero, De Legibus II, 4. 11.

Cicero, De Legibus II, 7. 15-16.

Cicero, De Legibus II, 8. 19-9. 22.

Cicero, De Legibus II, 10. 23.

W. Warde Fowler, The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic (London, 1899), p. 333.

Cicero, De Legibus II, 10. 24-21.53 includes Ciceros explanations of his religious laws. The method of noting every passage has been abandoned at this point as being too clumsy since the discussion follows the text in order. Cf. E. F. Bruck, Cicero vs the Scaevolas, re: Law of Inheritance and Decay of Roman Religion, Seminar III (1945), pp. 1-20.

Cicero, De Legibus II, 21. 54-26. 66.

Cicero, De Legibus II, 26. 69.

A. D. Nock in the Cambridge Ancient History X (1934), pp. 469-470. Cf. also the chapters on Roman religion in C. A. H. X (1934), pp. 465-511; VIII (1930), pp. 423-464; XII (1939), pp. 409-449.

V

Cicero, De Natura Deorum II, 8.

Cicero, Harusp. resp. 19.

Cicero, De Inventione II, 161.

Cicero, De Legibus II, 10. 23.

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