Olli Lagerspetz - Evolution, Human Behaviour and Morality: The Legacy of Westermarck

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Evolution, Human Behaviour and Morality

This book highlights the recent re-emergence of Edward Westermarcks work in modern approaches to morality and altruism, examining his importance as one of the founding fathers of anthropology and as a moral relativist, who identified our moral feelings with biologically evolved retributive emotions.

Questioning the extent to which current debates on the relationship between biology and morality are similar to those in which Westermarck himself was involved, the authors ask what can be learnt from his arguments and from the criticism that he encountered. Drawing on Westermarcks manuscripts and papers as well as his published work, the authors show the importance of situating debates, whether modern or classical, in their correct methodological and philosophical context.

This volume is a rigorous assessment of the ways in which morality is connected with human biological nature. It plays close attention to the development of debates in this field and will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology and philosophy.

Olli Lagerspetz is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at bo Akademi University, Finland. He is the author of Trust, Ethics and Human Reason and co-author of Edward Westermarck: Intellectual Networks, Philosophy and Social Anthropology.

Jan Antfolk is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Psychology at bo Akademi University, Finland.

Ylva Gustafsson is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Philosophy at bo Akademi University, Finland.

Camilla Kronqvist is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Philosophy at bo Akademi University, Finland.

Philosophy and Method in the Social Sciences

Series Editor: Phil Hutchinson

Manchester Metropolitan University, UK

Engaging with the recent resurgence of interest in methodological and philosophical issues in the human and social sciences, this series provides an outlet for work that demonstrates both the intellectual import of philosophical and methodological debates within the social sciences and their direct relevance to questions of politics, ethics or policy. Philosophy and Method in the Social Sciences welcomes work from sociologists, geographers, philosophers, anthropologists, criminologists and political scientists with broad interest across academic disciplines, that scrutinises contemporary perspectives within the human and social sciences and explores their import for todays social questions.

Titles in this series

1 Wittgenstein among the Sciences

Wittgensteinian Investigations into the Scientific Method

Rupert Read, Edited by Simon Summers

(Ashgate, 2012)

2 Clarity and Confusion in Social Theory

Taking Concepts Seriously

Leonidas Tsilipakos

(Ashgate, 2015)

3 Evolution, Human Behaviour and Morality

The legacy of Westermarck

Edited by Olli Lagerspetz, with Jan Antfolk, Ylva Gustafsson and Camilla Kronqvist

First published 2017
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2017 selection and editorial matter, Olli Lagerspetz, Jan Antfolk, Ylva Gustafsson and Camilla Kronqvist; individual chapters, the contributors

The right of Olli Lagerspetz, Jan Antfolk, Ylva Gustafsson and Camilla Kronqvist to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Lagerspetz, Olli, 1963 editor.
Title: Evolution, human behaviour and morality : the legacy of

Westermarck / Olli Lagerspetz, Jan Antfolk, Ylva Gustafsson and
Camilla Kronqvist.

Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016004025 | ISBN 9781472451743 (hardback) |

ISBN 9781315581378 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Westermarck, Edward, 18621939. | Ethics. | Evolution. |

Philosophical anthropology. | Ethnology.

Classification: LCC B4715.W44 E96 2016 | DDC 171/.7dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016004025

ISBN: 9781472451743 (hbk)
ISBN: 9781315581378 (ebk)

Typeset in Times New Roman
by Apex CoVantage, LLC

Edward Westermarck (right) with Abd-es-salam El-Baqqali (left), 1909, cropped. Manuscript and Picture Unit Collections, bo Akademi University Library

Contents

OLLI LAGERSPETZ

SUB-EDITOR: OLLI LAGERSPETZ

OLLI LAGERSPETZ

JUHANI IHANUS

OLLI LAGERSPETZ AND KIRSTI SUOLINNA

OLLI LAGERSPETZ

SUB-EDITOR: JAN ANTFOLK

JAN ANTFOLK

JAN ANTFOLK AND ARTHUR P. WOLF

ULLICA SEGERSTRALE

SUB-EDITOR: CAMILLA KRONQVIST

CAMILLA KRONQVIST AND OTTO PIPATTI

OTTO PIPATTI

CAMILLA KRONQVIST

CAMILLA KRONQVIST

SUB-EDITOR: YLVA GUSTAFSSON

YLVA GUSTAFSSON

YLVA GUSTAFSSON

HANNES NYKNEN

ANTTI LEPIST

Jan Antfolk , PsD., Psychology, bo Akademi University.

Ylva Gustafsson , PhD., Philosophy, bo Akademi University.

Juhani Ihanus , Senior Lecturer, Adjunct Professor ( docent ), Psychology, University of Helsinki; Adjunct Professor, History of Science and Ideas, University of Oulu.

Camilla Kronqvist , PhD., Philosophy, bo Akademi University.

Olli Lagerspetz , Senior Lecturer, Adjunct Professor ( docent ), Philosophy, bo Akademi University.

Antti Lepist , Doctoral Candidate, General History, the University of Helsinki.

Hannes Nyknen , Adjunct Professor ( docent ), Philosophy, bo Akademi University. Dr Nyknen works at present at the Department of Philosophy, the University of Helsinki.

Otto Pipatti , Doctoral Candidate, Sociology, the University of Helsinki.

Ullica Segerstrale , Professor of Sociology, Illinois Institute of Technology.

Kirsti Suolinna , Adjunct Professor ( docent ), Sociology, bo Akademi University.

Arthur P. Wolf (19322015), Professor of Human Biology, the Department of Anthropological Sciences, Stanford University.

This collection of essays explores the legacy and current relevance of Edward Westermarcks (18621939) work. It is a result of the research project Westermarck and Beyond: Evolutionary Approaches to Morality and Their Critics , which received three years of funding from Kone Research Foundation (2009 2011). The project itself was part of a larger research endeavour addressing evolutionary perspectives on the human sciences, also financed by the foundation. We are grateful to Kone not only for the funding, but also for the organisational effort, helping us bring together the research group in the first place and then repeatedly providing us with the opportunity to exchange ideas with members of related projects.

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