Dr Brian Carr - Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy

COMPANION ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ASIAN PHILOSOPHY

COMPANION ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ASIAN PHILOSOPHY

EDITED BY

BRIAN CARR
and INDIRA MAHALINGAM

First published 1997 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.

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1997 Brian Carr and Indira Mahalingam

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Companion encylopedia of Asian philosophy/edited by Brian Carr and Indira Mahalingam. Includes bibliographical references and index (hb: alk. paper) 1. Philosophy, Oriental-Encylopedias. I. Carr, Brian. II. Mahalingam, Indira B121.C66 1997 9629027 181dc20 CIP

ISBN 0-203-01350-6 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-19105-6 (Adobe e-Reader Format)
ISBN 0-415-03535-X (Print Edition)

CONTENTS

Introduction
Brian Carr and Indira Mahalingam

1 The origins of Zoroastrian philosophy
Mary Boyce

2 Later Zoroastrianism
Alan Williams

3 Morals and society in Zoroastrian philosophy
Philip G.Kreyenbroek

4 Contemporary Zoroastrian philosophy
John R.Hinnells

Introduction
Brian Carr and Indira Mahalingam

5 The origins of Indian philosophy
John Brockington

6 Non-orthodox Indian philosophies
Karel Werner

7 Nyya-Vaieika
S.R.Bhatt

8 Skhya-Yoga
Indira Mahalingam

9 Prva Mms and Vednta
R.C.Pandeya and Manju

10 akarcrya
Brian Carr

11 Later Vednta
Michael Comans

12 Logic and language in Indian philosophy
Vijay Bharadwaja

13 Knowledge and reality in Indian philosophy
Karl H.Potter

14 Morals and society in Indian philosophy
Sarasvati Chennakesavan and K.Vasudeva Reddy

15 Contemporary Indian philosophy
A.Roy

Introduction
Brian Carr and Indira Mahalingam

16 The Buddha
Ninian Smart

17 Buddhism in India
Roger R.Jackson

18 Ngrjuna
Chr. Lindtner

19 Buddhism in Tibet
Donald S.Lopez, Jr

20 Buddhism in Sri Lanka and south-east Asia
Padmasiri de Silva and Trevor Ling

21 Logic and language in Buddhism
S.R.Bhatt

22 Knowledge and reality in Buddhism
Hajime Nakamura

23 Morals and society in Buddhism
Stewart McFarlane

24 Contemporary Buddhist philosophy
Frank J.Hoffman

Introduction
Brian Carr and Indira Mahalingam

25 The origins of Chinese philosophy
Chung-ying Cheng

26 Confucius and Confucianism
Huang Nansen

27 Daoism in Chinese philosophy
Charles Wei-hsun Fu

28 Buddhism in Chinese philosophy
Whalen Lai

29 Mao Zedong and Chinese Marxism
Arif Dirlik

30 Logic and language in Chinese philosophy
Zhang Chunpo and Zhang Jialong

31 Knowledge and reality in Chinese philosophy
Zhang Chunpo and Li Xi

32 Morals and society in Chinese philosophy
Rui Sheng Wang

33 Contemporary Chinese philosophy
Francis Soo

Introduction
Brian Carr and Indira Mahalingam

34 The origins of Japanese philosophy
Brian Bocking

35 Confucianism in Japan
B.M.Bodart-Bailey

36 Buddhism in Japan
Masao Abe

37 Morals and society in Japanese philosophy
Takashi Koizumi

38 Contemporary Japanese philosophy
John Maraldo

Introduction
Brian Carr and Indira Mahalingam

39 The origins of Islamic philosophy
Ian Richard Netton

40 Al-Frb
Harry Bone

41 Avicenna
D.J.OConnor

42 Islamic philosophy since Avicenna
Oliver Leaman

43 Sufi mysticism
William Montgomery Watt

44 Islamic philosophy in south and south-east Asia
John Bousfield

45 Logic and language in Islamic philosophy
Oliver Leaman

46 Knowledge and reality in Islamic philosophy
Lenn E.Goodman

47 Morals and society in Islamic philosophy
Lenn E.Goodman

48 Contemporary Islamic philosophy
Hassan Hanafi

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

MASAO ABE is a graduate of Kyoto University in Japan. He studied and practised Zen Buddhism with Shin-ichi Hisamatsu while also studying Western philosophy. He was Professor of Philosophy at Nara University of Education from 1952 to 1980 where he is now Emeritus Professor. From 19557 he studied Christian theology at Union Theological Seminary and Columbia University as a Rockefeller Foundation research fellow. Since 1965 he has served as Visiting Professor of Buddhism and philosophy at Columbia University, the University of Chicago, Princeton University, University of Hawaii, and other universities in the United States. He has published widely including Zen and Western Thought, a collection of essays. He also edited A Zen Life: D.T.Suzuki Remembered and translated Kitar Nishidas An Inquiry in the Good with Christopher Ives. His most recent book is A Study of Dgen: His Philosophy and Religion.

VIJAY BHARADWAJA is a Professor in Philosophy at the University of Delhi. His major publications include Naturalistic Ethical Theory (1978) and Form and Validity in Indian Logic (1990). His current interests are Indian logic, epistemology, and moral philosophy. He is currently working on a book on Indian Ethics.

SIDDHESHWAR BHATT is Professor and Head of the Department of Philosophy and co-ordinator of the U.G.C. Special Assistance Programme, University of Delhi. Previously Professor and Head of the Department of Philosophy at M.S. University, Baroda, his research interests include Indian philosophy, logic and epistemology, philosophy of religion, social and political philosophy, and philosophy of education. His publications include The Philosophy of Pancaratra, Studies in Ramanuja Vedanta, Knowledge, Value and Education. He is the editor of Knowledge, Culture and Value, Glimpses of Buddhist Thought and Culture and Reality, Thought and Value as well as numerous research papers in English and Hindi.

BRIAN BOCKING has been Head of the Department of the study of religions at Bath College of Higher Education since 1986. Previously he was a lecturer in Japanese religions at the University of Stirling and in 19812 he was Visiting Lecturer in the Institute of Philosophy and Thought, University of Tsukuba, Japan. His main research interests are Japanese religions, Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, mysticism and comparative religion. His publications include Reflections on Soka Gakkai in the Scottish Journal of Religious Studies (1981); Comparative Studies of Buddhism and Christianity in the Japanese Journal of Religious Studies (1983); The Japanese Religious Traditions in Todays World in Religion in Todays World (1987) and Factionalism in Japanese Religion in Japan Forum (1989).

BEATRICE M, BODART-BAILEY is a Visiting Research Fellow at the Institute of Social Science of the University of Tokyo. Her publications include Kenperu to Tokugawa Tsunayoshi and The Furthest Goal, Engelbert Kaempfers Encounter with Tokugawa Japan. She has also completed a new English translation of Kaempfers History of Japan.