Evangeline B. Handog and Maria Juliet Enriquez-Macarayo - Melasma and Vitiligo in Brown Skin

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Part I
The Brown Skin

Springer India 2017

Evangeline B. Handog and Maria Juliet Enriquez-Macarayo (eds.) Melasma and Vitiligo in Brown Skin 10.1007/978-81-322-3664-1_1

1. The Concept of Brown Skin

Maria Juliet Enriquez-Macarayo 1

(1)

Dermatology Department, Angeles University Foundation Medical Center, Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines

(2)

Department of Dermatology, Asian Hospital and Medical Center, 2205 Civic Drive, Muntinlupa, Philippines, 1780

Maria Juliet Enriquez-Macarayo (Corresponding author)

Email:

Evangeline B. Handog

Email:

Keywords

Brown skin Color classification Skin type classification

1.1 The Color of Ones Skin Speaks of So Many Facets in Ones Life

It reflects ones physical traits, genetic components, history, nationality, and geographic roots. And by these, we mean ones race. Scientifically, skin color depends on many factors, genetics aside: inflammation, blood hemoglobin level, carotenoids in the dermis and increased melanin deposition. Melanin in itself is a polymer that comes as pheomelanin (red-yellow) and eumelanin (black-brown).

Brown, as a color, is a hue that runs between a mileage of the colors red and yellow, wooden, earthen or orange. Lightness is from medium to low, and saturation is from low to moderate [ shows the different shades of brown among the Filipinos.

Fig. 1.1

Different shades of brown among Filipinos

Brown skin people, as a category, may be considered a racial or ethnic classification, based on human skin color. As discussed by many learned authors as early as the eighteenth century, included in this category are populations from Africa (North), America (Latin and South) and Asia (Western, South, and Southeast).

Several classification schemes exist designating how a particular skin color reacts to several stimuli. For long, researches have followed the Fitzpatrick Phototyping Scale developed in 1975 by Dr. Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, based on the typical response of the different skin types to ultraviolet light. The majority of brown skin people are categorically placed in the skin phototypes IVV. The skin burns minimally to rarely but tans uniformly or more easily [].

The Lancer Ethnicity Scale (LES), introduced in 1998 by Dr. Harold A. Lancer, added ancestry to the existing Fitzpatrick skin type. With ethnicity background included, it aids in defining potential risks for patients undergoing cosmetic procedures. Higher risks abound a higher rate/score on this ethnicity scale. Moderate, significant, and considerable risks are seen in the LES types 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Asians (Chinese, Koreans, Japanese, Thai, Vietnamese, Filipinos), Polynesians, Americans (Latin, Central, South) and American Indians (Central and South) have skin type IV and LES type 4. Africans (Central, North, East, and West), Eritreans and Ethiopians, Middle East Arabic and Indians have skin type V and LES type 4 [].

The Roberts Skin Type Classification System, proposed by Dr. Wendy Roberts in 2006, deals with identifying a patients skin type characteristics. It further went on to predict the response of the skin to insult, injury and inflammation, detecting the susceptibility of sequelae for individuals of global skin types. Using four indices (phototype, hyperpigmentation, photoaging and scarring), optimal outcomes may then be identified for each patient [].

In todays society, differences in skin color have evolved due to environmental, dietary, and adaptive factors. Migration patterns and intermarriage practices have contributed to a montage in the races and ethnicities we were all familiar with. Geneticists have reported a very high percentage of variations within races rather than between races [].

An individuals skin color still speaks of ones race or ethnic roots. But in a world of skin afflictions, ones color speaks strongly of the ability of that individual to respond to specific treatments and procedures.

We took the courage to embark on this book , particularly giving opportune time to specifically deal with melasma and vitiligo in brown skin , believing there is a special need for this category of human skin .

References

American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Co; 2011.

Butterfield J. Collins English dictionary: complete and unabridged. Glasgow: Harper Collins Publishers; 2003.

Fitzpatrick TB. Soleil et peau [Sun and skin]. Journal de Mdecine Esthtique. 1975;2:334.

Fitzpatrick TB. Ultraviolet-induced pigmentary changes: benefits and hazards. Curr Probl Dermatol. 1986;15:2538. CrossRef PubMed

Roberts WE. Skin types classification old and new. Dermatol Clin. 2009;27(4):52933. CrossRef PubMed

Lancer HA. Lancer ethnicity scale (LES). Lasers Surg Med. 1998;22:9. CrossRef PubMed

Roberts WE. The Roberts skin type classification system. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7(5):4526. PubMed

Taylor SC, Cook-Bolden F. Defining skin of color. Cutis. 2002;69:4357. PubMed

Springer India 2017

Evangeline B. Handog and Maria Juliet Enriquez-Macarayo (eds.) Melasma and Vitiligo in Brown Skin 10.1007/978-81-322-3664-1_2

2. Prevalent Skin Disorders in Brown Skin

Maria Juliet Enriquez-Macarayo 1

(1)

Dermatology Department, Angeles University Foundation Medical Center, Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines

(2)

Department of Dermatology, Asian Hospital and Medical Center, 2205 Civic Drive, Muntinlupa, Philippines, 1780

Maria Juliet Enriquez-Macarayo (Corresponding author)

Email:

Evangeline B. Handog

Email:

Keywords

Brown skin Prevalent skin diseases

2.1 Introduction

How does one compare white, black, brown, and all the colors in between? The differences in color hue may be easily identifiable. But what constitutes the individuals bearing the different skin colors may be not that easy to fathom. Though we are all unique, grouping the colors in a cluster helps in understanding how ones skin may react to the different cutaneous diseases. Continents around the world are beset with people of different colors. Intermarriages and travel have been a major factor in the distribution of races and ethnic groupings around the globe.

There is much data abounding white skin and this is on a continuum. Lately, there is an accumulation of data for black skin with the interest in the skin of color. But for brown skin, as a group, there is paucity of data. For us to come up with correct database, we have to correlate data from different countries.

2.2 Factors to Consider

Variations in the enlisted prevalent skin disorders are dependent on multiple factors, which we have to keep in mind when dissecting data in different sources:

• Environmental condition humidity and seasonal variation []
• Lifestyle overcrowding, water availability, occupation, customs, religion and beliefs, and hygiene []
• Socioeconomic status and education []
• Different methodologies for studies carried out; no definite uniform method

2.3 Prevalent Skin Disorders Among Brown Skin

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