David Infield - Renewable energy in power systems

1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 8

1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 8
9. Appendix A

David Infield

Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
University of Strathclyde
Glasgow, UK

Leon Freris

Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST)
Loughborough University
Leicestershire, UK

Second Edition

This edition first published 2020

2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Edition History

John Wiley & Sons Ltd (1e, 2008)

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Infield, D. G., author. | Freris, L. L., author.

Title: Renewable energy in power systems / David Infield, Leon Freris.

Description: Second edition. | Hoboken : Wiley, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2019030493 (print) | LCCN 2019030494 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118649930 (cloth) | ISBN 9781118788585 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781118788561 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Renewable energy sources.

Classification: LCC TJ808 .F76 2019 (print) | LCC TJ808 (ebook) | DDC 621.042--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019030493

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019030494

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Image: photography by Spencer Bowman/Getty Images

Congratulations! By holding this book (or e-read equivalent) in your hands, you are very likely showing an interest in the engineering of renewable energy concepts. (And well done, too, on reading a Foreword, most people, including myself, jump straight into the technical chapters but that's another story.)

I want to urge you to keep that interest in renewable energy going. When I studied electrical engineering in the 1980s, anything renewable (wind, solar, and to some degree hydro) was classified by many scholars, industry practitioners and stakeholders as Alternative Energy. Alternative to the might of having a standardised high voltage and low voltage grid network that delivered electricity to homes and factories from bulk sources such as coal, oil, gas and nuclear power stations. We had some hydro but this was pretty much exclusively used for peak demand management and frequency control, and virtually no other renewable energy sources existed at scale. That Alternative badge pretty much also made anyone who was trying to explore renewable sources be tagged as anything from non-mainstream to tree hugging to just plain crazy. It was difficult to be different and to do anything other than the decades old ways of generating and delivering electricity. To be fair, this was for good reason, of course when the paying of your energy bills formed a significant part of just about everyone's income it was often the cheapest way of generating electricity and delivering it reliably to consumers. Implementing significant change was deemed difficult and costly. It was easier to move in straight lines.

Now, we are in a very different age. I'm pleased the term consumer has almost gone, and has been replaced with the word customer. The production and sale of electricity is now much more competitive and customer value is replacing monopoly product and service. Regrettably, the world still has millions of people struggling to afford to pay for energy and so the changes we want to make to improve our environment must continue to take affordability into account. Often, this requires innovative ways of doing things, finding new solutions to use existing infrastructure and challenging the age-old engineering and regulatory norms that dominate power systems around the world.

Further, the steady realisation that those who warned about the effects of noxious gases that created acidic rain, and then CO2 contributing to climate change, were actually right as opposed to crazy, has led to global legislation to do something about it. Renewable energy, particularly wind and solar power, has made great strides. The Alternative Energy world is on a journey to becoming far more mainstream. There will always be some who deny climate change, of course. Nevertheless, what is indisputable is that fossil fuels are finite, and it's better, in my view, to generate power using sustainable resources and to either leave our fossil fuels alone or at least find far more efficient, non-polluting uses for them.