Farsalinos Konstantinos E. - Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes

1. Tables in Chapter 2
2. Tables in Chapter 3
3. Tables in Chapter 4
4. Tables in Chapter 5

1. Figures in Chapter 1
2. Figures in Chapter 2
3. Figures in Chapter 3
4. Figures in Chapter 4
5. Figures in Chapter 5
6. Figures in Chapter 6

Konstantinos E. Farsalinos

Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece and University of Patras, Patras, Greece

I. Gene Gillman

Enthalpy Analytical, Inc., Durham, NC, United States

Stephen S. Hecht

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States

Riccardo Polosa

University of Catania, Catania, Italy

Jonathan Thornburg

RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States

EMERING ISSUES IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

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To my parents, Efthymios and Penelopi, for their devotion to family values and to the intellectual and social education of myself and my siblings.

K. E. Farsalinos

N.L. Benowitz , University of Calilfornia, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

K.E. Farsalinos , Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece and University of Patras, Patras, Greece

I. Gene Gillman , Enthalpy Analytical, Inc., Durham, NC, United States

S.S. Hecht , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States

R. Polosa , University of Catania, Catania, Italy

J. Thornburg , RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States

N.L. Benowitz

Professor of Medicine and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Chief, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

Cigarette smoking has had a devastating effect on public health worldwide over the past 100 years and will continue to do so throughout the current century unless there is a substantial reduction in the prevalence of smoking. Compulsive smoking is driven by addiction to nicotine, but most of the harm from smoking is caused by exposure to tobacco combustion products. For many years, tobacco researchers and policy experts have entertained the idea that a clean source of nicotine that could be inhaled and provide similar rewarding effects as a cigarette might entice smokers away from cigarette smoking and lead either to quitting smoking or to long-term nicotine use without incurring the harm from tobacco combustion toxicants.

e-Cigarettes are nicotine delivery devices that deliver nicotine without combusting tobacco. These are battery-powered devices that heat a liquid composed of propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerin, nicotine, and flavoring to form a vapor which rapidly aerosolizes and is inhaled like cigarette smoke. e-Cigarettes could be beneficial to public health if they help smokers quit smoking and possibly (at least for some health effects) reduce harm for those who smoke fewer cigarettes while using e-Cigarettes. On the other hand, there are several concerns about adverse effects of e-Cigarette use on a population level, including attracting youth and serving as a gateway to nicotine addiction and cigarette smoking, dual use with cigarettes resulting in lower rates of quitting smoking, renormalizing nicotine use and undermining smoke-free air legislation, and/or diverting smokers from proven smoking cessation treatment sessions.

One of the determinants of the net effect of e-Cigarettes on public health is the benefit versus harms, including the direct toxicity of e-Cigarette use. Assessing the toxicity of e-Cigarettes requires an understanding of the design and variability in device components and constituents of e-liquids and aerosols, both chemicals and particulates. Biomarkers of exposure to e-Cigarette toxicants in people are critical for extrapolating machine-tested e-Cigarette emission findings to actual human exposures.

This volume brings together a number of expert e-Cigarette researchers to explore the contents, chemical and particulate emissions, and human exposure to e-Cigarette constituents, as well as regulatory issues related to e-Cigarettes. The authors are Dr. Konstantinos Farsalinos, a cardiologist who has conducted research on e-Cigarette use epidemiology, the nature of e-Cigarette emissions, and cardiovascular effects of e-Cigarettes; Dr. I. Gene Gillman, an analytical chemist who has measured constituents of e-Cigarette aerosols; Dr. Jonathan Thornburg, an aerosol physicist who has studied e-Cigarette aerosol composition; Dr. Stephen Hecht, a toxicologist who has pioneered research on biomarkers of exposure to tobacco constituents; and Dr. Riccardo Polosa, a pulmonary physician who has conducted clinical trials of e-Cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction, and has studied pulmonary effects of e-Cigarette use. These researchers present a highly informative review of the current state of understanding of the contents and toxicant properties of e-Cigarettes as of 2016. The material in this book will be of great interest to researchers and regulators addressing the health consequences of e-Cigarette use.