Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī Maqrīzī - Mamluk Economics: A Study and Translation of al-Maqrīzīs Ighāthah
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Mamluk Economics: A Study and Translation of al-Maqrīzīs Ighāthah
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1994 by the University of Utah Press All rights reserved
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Maqrizi, Ahmad ibn 'Al, 1364-1442. [Ighathat al-ummah bi-kashf al-ghummah. English] Mamluk economics : a study and translation of al-Maqrizi's Ighathah / Adel Allouche.
p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-87480-43 -0 (alk. paper) I. EgyptEconomic conditions1250-1517. 2. Egypt History1250-1517. 3. FaminesEgyptHistory. I. Allouche, Adel. II. Title. HC830.M3613 1994 330.962'02dc20 93-42723
Page v
TO THE MEMORY OF MY PARENTS
Page vi
Page vii
CONTENTS
Preface
ix
Translator's Introduction
1
Al-Maqrizi's Ighathat al-ummah bi-kashfal-ghummah
Prologue
23
1. A Logical Premise
25
2. The [Years of] Ghala' in Egypt
27
3. The Causes of Our Ordeals
50
4. [Currency]
55
5. A Description of the Population
73
6. Current Prices and Present Ordeals
77
7. The Means to Eradicate This Disease
80
8. The Merits of This Proposal
82
Appendices
1. Measures, Weights, and Currency
87
2. Exchange Rates
95
3. Wheat Prices
99
4. Barley Prices
104
5. Bean Prices
107
6. Flour Prices
110
7. Bread Prices
112
Page viii
8. Mutton Prices
114
9. Beef Prices
116
Abbreviations
118
Notes
119
Bibliography
142
Index
157
Page ix
PREFACE
Chronicles contemporaneous with the rule of the Circassian Mamluks in Egypt abound in criticism of the maladministration and unorthodox financial practices of these rulers. Their authors complain about the general decline of the country, particularly the suffering of the lower classes and the poor, and often attribute it to the lack of adherence to moral and religious precepts by the state. The religious education of these historians leads them, in typically medieval fashion, to link morality, piety, and economics. Among these authors, the Shafi'ite Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn 'Ali al-Maqrizi (d. 845/1442) stands out as the most vocal critic of the Circassian monetary policy, which he blames for the impoverishment of the country. The targets for his attack were the excessive coinage of the copper fulus, the cessation of silver coinage, and the adoption in 1403 of a money of account: the dirham of
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