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Catasetum is a genus of Central and South American orchids, strikingly beautiful but somewhat neglected by hobbyists. The author, an experienced grower, has discovered that catasetums require very different cultural techniques from most orchids, but if the plants particular needs are observed, they are not difficult to grow successfully. Among the traits that lend particular interest to the genus is the almost explosive release of pollen, a kind of conservatory parlor trick that delights the grower and surprises the unwary.
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Copyright 1999 by Arthur W. Holst All rights reserved.
ISBN 0-88192-430-X
Printed in Hong Kong
Published in 1999 by Timber Press, Inc. The Haseltine Building 133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450 Portland, Oregon 97204, U.S.A.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Holst, Arthur W. The world of catasetums / Arthur W. Holst. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88192-430-X 1. Catasetums. I. Title. SB409.8.C36H65 1999 635.9'344dc21 98-52376 CIP
Page 5
Contents
Foreword
by Carl L. Withner
7
Preface
9
Chapter 1 Popularity of Catasetums
17
Chapter 2 History of the Genus Catasetum
21
Chapter 3 General Characteristics of Catasetums
39
Chapter 4 The Miracle of Pollination
51
Chapter 5 Environmental Knowledge as the Key to Successful Culture
59
Chapter 6 Growth Cycle of Catasetums
69
Chapter 7 Culture of Catasetums
75
Chapter 8 Description of Species
107
Chapter 9 Hybrids and Breeding Trends
by Gene Monnier
245
Chapter 10 Fragrances of Catasetums
by Harold G. Hills, Norris H. Williams, and W. Mark Whitten
263
Catasetum Plant Sources
273
Glossary
277
Selected Bibliography
285
Index of Plant Names
293
General Index
303
Color plates follow page
208
Page 7
Foreword
The genus Catasetum, with from 50 to more than 100 species or, depending on the source consulted, with 70 species and 10 natural hybrids, is yet unknown ground for most orchidists. But the estimation of species numbers is only one indication of a poorly known genus. Another is the story of male and female plants, or flower stalks with both male and female flowers, that have been described as different species by botanists who struggled to make these plants fit the usual taxonomic orchid cubbyhole.
Beside their sexual proclivities, which are as fascinating as the dimorphic flower types found on the same or different plants, catasetums are unusual in the orchid world for their trigger mechanism and forcefully projected pollinia. I have always felt a little sorry for the bees whose eyes and heads become covered with the tightly glued-on pollinaria. How can they possibly do a good job while going from flower to flower?
A flurry of interest followed catasetums when Clowesia was segregated as a separate genus, and the hybrid Catanoches Rebecca Northen, registered by J. W. Furrow in 1973, came to the fore. Another and larger flurry developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s in response to Pierre Couret's writings and experiments with the various color forms of the large and spectacular flowers of Catasetum pileatum. Couret's observations were amplified and commercialized first by Jones and Scully in Miami, Florida. For a while other species were tried as parents in hybrids, especially C. tenebrosum for its ability to intensify colors, but the interest in catasetums gradually simmered down to a ground level.
A modern resurgence of interest in Catasetum species is happening in Brazil, the major home territory of the genus. Although cata-
Page 8
setums are also found in Andean orchid habitats and then northward as far as Mexico, orchidists can now look to Brazil for further information on the genus. In this book we learn of the new Brazilian Catasetum growers association with its 200 enthusiastic members and their activities and promotion of the genus and its near relatives. The association estimates that there are now about 130 species in the genus.
Arthur Holst, a linguist who speaks Portuguese among other languages, has traveled many times in Brazil. He also grows orchids in Virginia in the United States and, with Fred Hillerman, is co-author of
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