Tiruvaipati - Information Theory Of The Cosmos: How The New Science Of Information Changes Our Understanding And Perception Of The Universe

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of The Cosmos

i Publishing-in-support-of,

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING

RZ 94, Sector - 6, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110075
Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001

Website: www.educreation.in

________________________________________________________________
Copyright, 2018, Raghunath Tiruvaipati

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its writer.

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The opinions/ contents expressed in this book are solely of the authors and do not represent the opinions/ standings/ thoughts of Educreation or the Editors . The book is released by using the services of self-publishing house.

Printed in India ii

of The Cosmos

How The New Science of Information Changes Our Understanding And Perception of The Universe

Raghunath Tiruvaipati

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING
(Since 2011)
www.educreation.in
iii

To My Mother And Father

v

Content List

Sr. No. Content Page

Prologue
1. Cryptography
2. Thermodynamics
3. Information theory
4. Genetic Code
5. Cosmology
6. Life on Earth
7. Astronomy
8. Relativity
9. Quantum Computing

10. Quantum Entanglement & Quantum Tunneling
Epilogue
Note: Page no. will be filled after finalisation.

Prologue

______________________________________________________

Information theory is a relatively new paradigm even though scientific research about it began in 1948 itself. it is synthesized from information revolution which is the greatest technological advancement in the 21 st century. Computers , hard drives and internet have revolutionized the world. In 20 th century itself, Communications technology has advanced from wired to wireless. Computers and communication technology are only tiny aspects of the information theory that we are going to talk about in this book. It deals not only with the way that machines like computers, cell-phones work , but also with objects on the scale from quantum level such as electron, photons, atoms etc.. to astronomical level such as planets, suns, galaxies , black holes and the universe itself. Its rules determine the life course of the universe and the entire cosmos as well. Information theory took birth or rather uncovered in the 20 th century which has changed the world dramatically.

Information theory spans across thermo dynamics, theory of relativity , quantum mechanics, genetics, cosmology, astronomy and quantum computing. So I will touch upon all of these topics in this book.

Thermo dynamics - which explains about the working of engines, exchange of heat energy and motion of atoms is an information theory.

Theory of relativity which explains about the large objects moving at extremely high speeds (almost at speed of light) and the influence on them by gravity is also an information theory.

Quantum mechanics which explains about the domain of atoms and sub-atomic particles is also an information theory.
Genetics genes are literally information-carrying bio-devices. So genetics is also an information theory. We will discuss it later.
Astronomy all the galaxies, stars, planets contain a huge amount of information in the form of electromagnetic waves. And through these waves, they influence with each other. So astronomy is also a information theory.

vii

Information is much more than what we assume about it (that is, simply some content) and co-relates all the above mentioned theories together.

Information theory changes our perception of the world radically because information is not something that is nonobjective. Everything in the universe is constructed from information. So it is a rather important aspect of energy and matter. It is physical and can be quantized and measured which is contrary to our usual thinking. It is influenced by several physical laws which prescribe how it can be manipulated, transferred, copied, erased or destroyed. And everything in the universe must accord to the laws of the information theory.

As a result of the information theory, communications and computers have been transformed in a huge way. The laws of the information theory influences not only the data in a computer (data - bits and bytes which are ultimately the electrical voltage),but also codes and communication channels. They govern the way how the sub-atomic particles (electrons, quarks,etc..) behave . Even life obeys these laws and so does the entire universe.

Everything in the universe including life-forms on our earth are bundled with information. The DNA molecule in the living beings contains a huge amount of information in the form of genes which works like a blue print for the construction of the organism. Our body and mind processes trillions of bits of information each second unconsciously. Every particle , be it a photon, or an electron or a quark or an atom, is teeming with information in the form of spin, charge, configuration and weight which can be transformed in energy transactions (chemical reactions). All the stars and galaxies in the universe are emitting information in the form of electro-magnetic waves which is spreading all over the cosmos.

Information seems to be the driving force behind the physical structure of the universe. It appears to solve the big scientific questions such as the origin of life, the black holes, the relativity theory and the quantum mechanics. The information theory is leading to a way to answer some of the most profound issues about the universe in the scientific community.
size, electron

processed and
***** viii

Cryptography

______________________________________________________

Information should be transferred from place to place or from person to person in a secure way. The most ancient way to secure information is to use cryptography in the form of codes and ciphers. They must be secure enough so that when somebody taps the message, they must not be able to make it out.

Even though cryptography has been in place since time immemorial, the codes and ciphers were not secure enough. Somebody who has a little bit of knowledge about ciphers can break the encrypted message. Yet, people had to rely on these weak codes and ciphers to communicate sensitive information. Regardless of how well the information is encrypted, there is a chance for it to decrypted as it is passing from place to place. In the digital world, information is communicated in bits. To a sniffer, every bit is very much tangible and susceptible.

As said earlier, information is very much real and solid just as other properties of a particle. We can not see the spin, charge and electronic configuration of an atom directly but they are real. Similarly information is equally real. It can be quantized, evaluated and tampered with. Information has to travel physically from sender to receiver just like any other physical object. It can travel through a telephone line or a cable or wireless mechanism. Of course there is quantum entanglement in which two particles are entangled with each other over incredibly vast distance and still communicate with each other instantly. But the mechanism behind it is yet to be found out by the physicists.

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