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Fazi - Contingent Computation: Abstraction, Experience, and Indeterminacy in Computational Aesthetics

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Fazi Contingent Computation: Abstraction, Experience, and Indeterminacy in Computational Aesthetics
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In Contingent Computation, M. Beatrice Fazi offers a new theoretical perspective through which we can engage philosophically with computing. The book proves that aesthetics is a viable mode of investigating contemporary computational systems. It does so by advancing an original conception of computational aesthetics that does not just concern art made by or with computers, but rather the modes of being and becoming of computational processes. Contingent Computation mobilises the philosophies of Gilles Deleuze and Alfred North Whitehead in order to address aesthetics as an ontological study of the generative potential of reality. Through a novel philosophical reading of Gdels incompleteness theorems and of Turings notion of incomputability, Fazi finds this potential at the formal heart of computational systems, and argues that computation is a process of determining indeterminacy. This indeterminacy, which is central to computational systems, does not contradict their functionality. Instead, it drives their very operation, albeit in a manner that might not always fit with the instrumental, representational and cognitivist purposes that we have assigned to computing. ReviewContingent Computation by M. Beatrice Fazi is a brilliantly original work arguing that the contingent does not lie outside computation but at its very heart, in the demonstrations by Gdel and Turing that some problems are incomputable and that formal systems, including computational axiomatics, are incomplete. Her approach opens our understanding of what computers canand cannotdo to new modes of analysis that introduce contingency into technical systems in an entirely new way, refuting views that see computers as merely mechanical systems incapable of novelty. Highly recommended for humanities scholars and others interested in thinking about the role that computers play in a world that remains unknowable in its full complexity. (N. Katherine Hayles, James B. Duke Professor of Literature, Duke University)This remarkable book proposes a radically new vision of computation: one that will equally surprise the rationalists and cognitivists, on the one hand, and the vitalists and affectivists, on the other. M. Beatrice Fazi shows how Turing-style computing -- logical, discrete, and pre-programmed as it is -- also necessarily involves indeterminacy, novelty, and invention. (Steven Shaviro, Wayne State University)Contingent Computation provides many of the keys to understanding how computing now becomes the reality-forming device par excellence. At the same time, this daring and rigorous book offers new tools for aesthetics. (Matthew Fuller, Professor of Cultural Studies, Goldsmiths, University of London)From aesthetics to abstraction and onwards to experience, M. Beatrice Fazi argues against the usual clichs about computation. Contingent Computation shows that media theorists and machines should be valued based at least on one thing in common: they dont do just what you expect them to. Fazis take on computational indeterminacy is rigorous, rich and rewarding. (Jussi Parikka, Professor in Technological Culture and Aesthetics, University of Southampton)Digital computation originated from formalizing the limits rather than the data processing power of computation. In the true spirit of the Media Philosophy book series, Fazi takes this as a chance to rethink the computer in favor of the unpredictable. While her argumentation, through the lenses of Whiteheadean terms, insists on the authors me against the computational it, it will be emerging non-classical computers themselves which will truly appreciate the message of this book. (Wolfgang Ernst, Professor of Media Theories, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany)About the AuthorM. Beatrice Fazi is Research Fellow at the Sussex Humanities Lab (University of Sussex, United Kingdom). Her primary areas of expertise are the philosophy of computation, the philosophy of technology and the emerging field of media philosophy.

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Contingent Computation

MEDIA PHILOSOPHY

SERIES EDITORS

Eleni Ikoniadou, Lecturer in Media and Cultural Studies at the London Graduate School and the School of Performance and Screen Studies, Kingston University

Scott Wilson, Professor of Cultural Theory at the London Graduate School and the School of Performance and Screen Studies, Kingston University


The Media Philosophy series seeks to transform thinking about media by inciting a turn towards accounting for their autonomy and eventness, for machine agency, and for the new modalities of thought and experience that they enable. The series showcases the transcontinental work of established and emerging thinkers whose work engages with questions about the reshuffling of subjectivity, of temporality, of perceptions and of relations vis--vis computation, automation, and digitalisation as the current 21st century conditions of life and thought. The books in this series understand media as a vehicle for transformation, as affective, unpredictable, and non-linear, and move past its consistent misconception as pure matter-of-fact actuality.


For Media Philosophy, it is not simply a question of bringing philosophy to bear on an area usually considered an object of sociological or historical concern, but of looking at how developments in media and technology pose profound questions for philosophy and conceptions of knowledge, being, intelligence, information, the body, aesthetics, war, death. At the same time, media and philosophy are not viewed as reducible to each other's internal concerns and constraints and thus it is never merely a matter of formulating a philosophy of the media; rather the series creates a space for the reciprocal contagion of ideas between the disciplines and the generation of new mutations from their transversals. With their affects cutting across creative processes, ethico-aesthetic experimentations and biotechnological assemblages, the unfolding media events of our age provide different points of intervention for thought, necessarily embedded as ever in the medium of its technical support, to continually re-invent itself and the world.


The new automatism is worthless in itself if it is not put to the service of a powerful, obscure, condensed will to art, aspiring to deploy itself through involuntary movements which none the less do not restrict it.

Eleni Ikoniadou and Scott Wilson


Software Theory: A Cultural and Philosophical Study, Federica Frabetti

Media After Kittler, edited by Eleni Ikoniadou and Scott Wilson

Chronopoetics: The Temporal Being and Operativity of Technological Media, Wolfgang Ernst, translated by Anthony Enns

The Changing Face of Alterity: Communication, Technology and Other Subjects, edited by David J. Gunkel, Ciro Marcondes Filho and Dieter Mersch

Technotopia: A Media Genealogy of Net Cultures, Clemens Apprich, translated by Aileen Derieg

Recursivity and Contingency, Yuk Hui (forthcoming)

Contingent Computation

Abstraction, Experience, and
Indeterminacy in
Computational Aesthetics


M. Beatrice Fazi


London New York Published by Rowman Littlefield International Ltd 6 - photo 1

London New York

Published by Rowman & Littlefield International, Ltd.

6 Tinworth Street, London SE11 5AL, United Kingdom

www.rowmaninternational.com


Rowman & Littlefield International, Ltd., is an affiliate of Rowman & Littlefield

4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706, USA

With additional offices in Boulder, New York, Toronto (Canada), and London (UK)

www.rowman.com


Copyright 2018 by M. Beatrice Fazi


All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review.


British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library


ISBN: HB 978-1-78660-608-2


Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Fazi, M. Beatrice, 1981 author.

Title: Contingent computation : abstraction, experience, and indeterminacy in computational aesthetics / M. Beatrice Fazi.

Description: Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield International, 2018. | Series: Media philosophy | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018023183 (print) | LCCN 2018033860 (ebook) | ISBN 9781786606099 (ebook) | ISBN 9781786606082 (cloth : alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: ComputersPhilosophy. | Aesthetics.

Classification: LCC QA76.167 (ebook) | LCC QA76.167 .F39 2018 (print) | DDC 004.01dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018023183


Picture 2 TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.


Printed in the United States of America

Acknowledgements I would like to thank the editors of the book series Media - photo 3
Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the editors of the book series Media Philosophy, Eleni Ikoniadou and Scott Wilson, as well as Sarah Campbell, Isobel Cowper-Coles, and Natalie Linh Bolderston at Rowman & Littlefield International, for believing in this project and for their valuable assistance.

Many colleagues and friends have offered advice and support during the writing of this book. In particular, I wish to express my gratitude to Caroline Bassett, David M. Berry, Trine Bjrkmann Berry, Giulia Bozzi, Tom Bunyard, Howard Caygill, Antonella De Santo, Michael Dieter, Mike Featherstone, Jonathan Fletcher, Matthew Fuller, Andrew Goffey, Olga Goriunova, Graham Harwood, N. Katherine Hayles, Caroline Heron, Tim Hitchcock, Michael Jonik, Tim Jordan, Giuseppe Longo, Celia Lury, Lorenzo Magnani, Sally Jane Norman, Eleonora Oreggia, Kate ORiordan, Jussi Parikka, Luciana Parisi, Ben Roberts, Darrow Schecter, Brian Cantwell Smith, Rachel Thomson, Nathaniel Tkacz, and James Williams.

In 2017, the British Academy funded the research project Digital Culture and the Limits of Computation, which allowed me to test and develop further my conceptualisation of indeterminacy in computation. I am grateful for this support.

The Sussex Humanities Lab has been the ideal place in which to complete this study. I would like to extend my thanks to everybody there, as well as to the School of Media, Film and Music and the University of Sussex for having established this unique interdisciplinary research programme.

Finally, I wish to thank my parents for their trust and love. This book is dedicated to them.

Introduction

Novelty in Computation

The Analytical Engine has no pretensions whatever to originate any thing. It can do whatever we know how to order it to perform. It can follow analysis; but it has no power of anticipating any analytical relations or truths. Its province is to assist us in making available what we are already acquainted with.

Ada Lovelace, Notes (1843)

Contingent Computation

This book offers a philosophical study of computation. Computation is understood here as a method of systematising reality through logico-quantitative means. The systematisations of computation are generally considered to be simple formulae that are geared towards capturing the dynamism and complexity of the world. From this perspective, computation is assumed to be something that merely appropriates and represents reality through the binary calculation of probabilities. In consequence, it is also assumed that there is no novelty in computation, but only the iterative repetition of the preprogrammed. The aim of this book is to challenge that view. I propose that computation is dynamic and complex: that one can find

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