Farhat Jahan Chowdhury - Protecting the Meghna River: A Sustainable Water Resource for Dhaka

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PROTECTING THE MEGHNA RIVER

A SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE FOR DHAKA

Farhat Jahan Chowdhury Zahir Uddin Ahmad Hans Aalderink

AUGUST 2019

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)

2019 Asian Development Bank

6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines

Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444

www.adb.org

Some rights reserved. Published in 2019.

ISBN 978-92-9261-696-0 (print), 978-92-9261-697-7 (electronic)

Publication Stock No. TCS190280-2

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS190280-2

Citation information: F. J. Chowdhury, Z. U. Ahmad, and H. Aalderink. 2019. Protecting the Meghna River: A Sustainable Water Resource for Dhaka. Manila: ADB.

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term country in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisions and terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.

This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material.

Please contact if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wish to obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use the ADB logo.

Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.

Notes:

In this publication, $ refers to United States dollars.

All photos in this publication were taken by Munir Ahmed, Hans Aalderink, Masud Al Mamun, and Farhat Jahan Chowdhury. Geographic information system mapping support were provided by Farhat Jahan Chowdhury, Sheila Ball, and S. M. Al Hussain.

On the cover: The Meghna River is a new source of drinking water for 20 million residents in Dhaka, Bangladesh (photo by Masud Al Mamun).

Contents

Tables, Figures, and Boxes

Foreword

Abbreviations

Executive Summary

	Background
	Current Situation
Water Quality
Ecological Value of the Meghna River
Economic Value
	Issues
Negative Trend in Water Quality
Hazardous Pollutants
Heavy Metals
Sources of Pollution
Pesticides
Threats at the Meghna River Water Intake Points
Additional Treatment Costs
Future Development and Construction
	Solutions and Recommendations
Designation of Ecological Critical Areas
Promotion of Cleaner Production for Pollution Minimization
Early Warning System
Comprehensive Monitoring Plan
Pollution Advisory Center
Controlling Domestic and Municipal Waste Water Discharge
Controlling Pesticide Use
Local Stewardship
	Way Forward
	Conclusion

Tables, Figures, and Boxes

Tables

	Compliance of Water Quality with Environmental Quality Standards for Drinking Water at the Bishnondi and Haria Intakes
	Species Protected Under the Wildlife Conservation Act, 2012 that Occur in the Upper Meghna River
	Estimated Total Annual Economic Value of the Meghna River
	Hazardous Pollutants Found in the Meghna River
	Pesticides Used for Crops in the Meghna River Area
	Capital Expenditures and Operating Expenses Under Three Treatment Scenarios for the Consumption of Meghna River Water
	Reduction in Resource Consumption
	Investment and Operational Cost for Monitoring Pollution Control

Figures

	Two Proposed Water Intake Points in the Meghna River
	Seasonal Variation in Dissolved Oxygen and Turbidity near the Bishnondi Intake Points
	Ecologically Sensitive Habitats and Location of Potential Threats in the Meghna River Around the Bishnandi and Haria Intake Points
	Trend in Annual Dissolved Oxygen Concentration and Electrical Conductivity at Meghna Bridge, 20012012
	Average Dissolved Oxygen Concentration at Five Monitoring Locations along the Meghna River
	Location of Passive Samplers for Hazardous Pollutant Screening
	Chromium Levels Observed in the Bishnondi Canal
	Point and Nonpoint Source Pollution Locations
	Clusters of Polluting Industries on the West Bank of the Meghna River
	Coliform Bacteria Concentration and Chemical Oxygen Demand at the Bishnondi Intake Point, 20162017
	Pollution Sources and Industries near the Proposed Haria Intake Point

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