Henry French - The Character of English Rural Society: Earls Colne, 1550-1750

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The character of English rural society

The character of English rural society

Earls Colne, 15501750

H. R. French and R. W. Hoyle

Copyright H. R. French and R. W. Hoyle 2007

The right of H. R. French and R. W. Hoyle to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Published by Manchester University Press
Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NR, UK
and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk

Distributed exclusively in the USA by
Palgrave, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York,
NY 10010, USA

Distributed exclusively in Canada by
UBC Press, University of British Columbia, 2029 West Mall,
Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z2

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for

ISBN 978 0 7190 5108 1

First published 2007

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Typeset
by Action Publishing Technology Ltd, Gloucester
Printed in Great Britain
by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

For
Joan Thirsk
and
Keith Wrightson

Contents

List of illustrations

List of tables

A note on Earls Colne sources

This book, in common with other recent work on Earls Colne, is substantially based on the materials collected by Alan Macfarlane and his team of researchers in the years following 1972. These materials have been published twice: first on microfiche in 198083 (Records of an English village, Earls Colne, 14001750: Cambridge, Chadwyck-Healey) and more recently on a website which can be accessed through the website of the Department of Social Anthropology at Cambridge (linux02.lib.cam.ac.uk/earlscolne//contents.htm) or Alan Macfarlanes own web pages (alanmacfarlane.com). The website obviously has considerable advantages over the two-dimensional flexibility of the fiche, not least through its powerful indices. It is assumed that most readers and future researchers will make recourse to the Earls Colne website, with rather fewer using the fiche and virtually none the original records held in the Essex Record Office, the National Archives/Public Record Office and elsewhere.

For this reason we have elected to give only the index number to the fiche and website coupled with a description of the document and not the archival call number. The fiche index numbers take the form of a number followed by a point, followed by five further numbers, so 1.00005, 672.01117. This number is unique and refers sometimes to a single document (e.g. a will), sometimes to a single paragraph or entry within a larger document (so an admittance or presentment in a court roll). The three booklets (covering Church Records, Estate Records and State Records) which accompany the fiche contain an index to the numbers and the documents contained at each number. Reference numbers on the website are the same as those for the fiche except that the point is omitted, so 67201117.

Whilst these numbers can be readily used to access the fiche, the website, as it is presently configured, cannot be accessed by index number alone. Instead, the user needs to have some additional information, normally the type of document, the date of the document or the name of a person involved in it preferably two of the three. We have provided these to enable other researchers to find the source cited within the web site without too great a difficulty. The website also contains the full text of Josselins diary; we have, however, cited this from the familiar edition of 1976 although it should be noticed that the website indices to the diary are superior to those in the printed volume. The website also contains post-1750 materials which are not found in the fiche (the sequences beginning 800.00000 and 900.00000) including later Earls Colne wills and the important annotated rental of the manor of 1854.

Where an archival reference is given, it should be inferred that the document is not contained in the fiche or website.

Finally, we ought to add that we have not referenced every land transaction, but we hope that all our statements will be readily verifiable through the on-line indices.

A note on measurements

As historians, we use the system of currency employed by contemporaries and used until 1972 in which 12 pennies (12d) made a shilling, of which 20 made 1 (or 240d).

Land measurements are more complicated. The database is based on the measurements of land given in the survey of 1598. These are in the form acres (a), roods (r), of which there were four in an acre, and perches (p), of which there were 40 in a rood and 160 in an acre. When we offer a figure for the acreage transferred in a copyhold transaction, we compute it by adding the acreages taken from the 1598 survey for the parcels fields which we believe are being conveyed. This gives us the advantage that areal measurements are in units of constant size. It brings the disadvantage that these computations are dependent on our ability to identify the land being transferred which we believe we usually can and that the measurements we give differ from the rounded estimates of acreage given in the court rolls themselves.

Where we have computed an acreage say the mean acreage of land transferred by mortgage we express it in acres and decimal parts of acres.

Glossary

advowson	Right of presentation to a benefice, which could be held by the church, the crown or a lay person.
aleconder/alefounder	Manorial officer, elected annually, charged with inspection of ale brewed within the manor.
alienate	To transfer to another owner.
archdeacon	Clerical official, appointed by the bishop to oversee a collection of parishes (an archdeaconry). Held ecclesiastical courts in this jurisdiction, to determine instance cases (between parties) and office/summary cases (presented by churchwardens), prove testaments, and issue special marriage licences.
bill of complaint	Petition addressed to the lord chancellor by plaintiff requesting grant of a subpoena; the first pleadings in a plaintiffs case.
bolling	A pollard tree.
churchwarden	Elected lay representative of the parish, one of two usually elected annually, one by the incumbent, one by the parishioners. Responsible for maintenance of church fabric, and enforcement of moral discipline by presenting offences to ecclesiastical courts.
codicil	A supplement to a will.
commissary	Cleric exercising jurisdiction as the representative of the bishop in parts of his diocese. Held ecclesiastical courts in same manner as archdeacons, and heard cases referred by archdeaconry courts.
consistory	The diocesan ecclesiastical court.

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