Susanne Neubert - Social Impact Analysis of Poverty Alleviation Programmes and Projects: A Contribution to the Debate on the Methodology of Evaluation in Development Co-Operation

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Social Impact Analysis
of Poverty Alleviation Programmes
and Projects

SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS

A Contribution to the Debate on the Methodology of Evaluation in Development Cooperation

SUSANNE NEUBERT

First published in 2000 in Great Britain by
Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, 0X14 4RN
270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016

Transferred to Digital Printing 2010

Website: www.Routledge.com

Copyright 2000 GDI/Frank Cass

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Neubert, Susanne
Social impact analysis of poverty alleviation programmes
and projects : a contribution to the debate on the
methodology of evaluation in development cooperation.
(GDI book series ; no. 14)
1. Poverty Prevention Research 2. Evaluation research
(Social action programs)
I. Title
362.5'8'072

ISBN 0-7146-5049-8 (cased)
ISBN 0-7146-8151-2 (paper)

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Neubert, Susanne, 1958
Social impact analysis of poverty alleviation programmes and projects : a contribution
to the debate on the methodology of evaluation in development cooperation / Susanne Neubert.
p. cm. (GDI book series, ISSN 1460-4175 : no. 14)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-7146-5049-8 (cased). ISBN 0-7146-8151-2 (paper)
1. Economic assistance, DomesticSocial aspects. 2. Economic development projects.
I. Title. II. Series.

HC79.P63 N48 2000
362.5'8-dc21 00-022704

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher of this book.

Publisher's Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent.

Preface

The method of impact assessment of poverty alleviation projects (MAPP) elaborated and presented in this study demonstrates a new way of operationalizing social development at programme level and of evaluating the effectiveness of development programmes and projects in the context of the lives of the target groups. The new method was devised during a debate with German development cooperation institutions, such as the Federal German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and donor organizations, and with counterpart organizations and target groups. The emphasis was placed on the development of a standardized and thus replicable procedure for recording the social impact of project and programme operations at an acceptable level of evaluation effort.

This study was carried out at the German Development Institute (GDI) in Berlin. The field research and evaluations of the literature were completed in mid-1998.

I should like to thank everyone who helped me in many different ways as I undertook this study, especially the people of Mali, i.e. the target groups of the Projet de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles (PGRN), who analysed the impact of the project with great commitment. My thanks too to Andreas von Ramdohr, Niko von der Lhe, Eckhard Dudeck and Fatim Haidara, colleagues at the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), for their generous support during the evaluation process.

The description of evaluation as it is undertaken in Germany is based on a number of interviews. I am very grateful to the staff of the BMZ, KfW, GTZ, DED, KAS, FES, HBS and EZE for the information they have provided and especially to Volker Steigerwald for his help and criticism as the study emerged. Success in the further development of the methodology of social project evaluation will also continue to depend primarily on the institutions and people I have mentioned.

I also wish to thank the professionals of the German Development Institute for their support and for the discussions we have had.

Berlin, November 1999 Susanne Neubert

Contents

Figures in the text

Tables in the text

Abbreviations

ADB	Asian Development Bank
AEA	Agro-ecosystems Analysis
BA	Beneficiary Assessment
BMZ	Bundesministrium fr wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development)
CDG	Carl Duisberg-Gesellschaft (Carl Duisberg Society)
CVGRN	Comit Villageois de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles
DAC	Development Assistance Committee
DED	Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst (German Development Service)
DFID	Department for International Development
EZE	Evangelische Zentralstelle fr Entwicklungshilfe (Development Aid Centre of the Protestant Church in Germany)
FCFA	Franc de la Communaut Financire Africaine
FES	Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Friedrich Ebert Foundation)
GTZ	Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Agency for Technical Cooperation)
HBS	Heinrich-Bll-Stiftung (Heinrich Bll Foundation)
HDR	Human Development Report
HWWA	Hamburger Institut fr Wirtschaftsforschung (Hamburg Institute for Economic Research; formerly Hamburger Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv)
IDS	Institute of Development Studies
IFAD	International Fund for Agricultural Development
IJA	Initiative pour les Jeunes Aveugles
KAS	Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (Konrad Adenauer Foundation)
KfW	Kreditanstalt fr Wiederaufbau (the German Development Bank)
M&E	monitoring and evaluation
NGO	Non-governmental Organization
NRAC	Natural Resources Advisers Conference
NRPAD	Natural Resources Policy and Advisory Department
ODA	Overseas Development Administration (now DFID)
OECD	Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OED	Operations Evaluation Department
PAR	Participatory Action Research
PE	Participatory Evaluation
PGRN	Projet de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles
PIDEB	Programme Intgr de Dveloppement de Bafoulab
PPR	Project Progress Review
PRA	Participatory Rural Appraisal
RA	Regional Assistant
RSA	Rapid Social Assessment
SRL	Sustainable Rural Livelihood
TGA	Target-group Analysis
TOR	Terms of Reference
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
ZOPP	Zielorientierte Programmplanung (Objectives-oriented Project Planning)

Summary

Development organizations are busily searching for concepts and methods that will enable impacts of development cooperation to be recorded and scientifically tenable, transparent and practicable conclusions to be drawn. They rightly expect the cost of evaluations to be proportional to the project budget. While a standardized set of tools is available for the economic and technical evaluation of projects, methods of covering the social dimension, which are of prime importance for impact analysis, have yet to reach maturity. This study considers the state of research on evaluation that includes the social dimension and the methods used. A new method of impact assessment of poverty alleviation projects (MAPP) is also presented and underpinned empirically. MAPP is based on a multidimensional conception of poverty and shows how the social dimension can be operationalized with the aid of four key social processes:

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