J. N. Govil - Phytotherapeutics II

Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants

Volume 43

Phytotherapeutics II

Chief Editor

J.N. Govil

Former Principal Scientist

Division of Genetics

Indian Agricultural Research Institute

New Delhi - 110 012, India

Volume Editor

Manohar Pathak

National Institute of Science Communication

and Information Resources (NISCAIR)

Dr K S Krishnan Marg, Pusa Campus

New Delhi 110012, India

Series Editor: J.N. Govil

2016

Series Editor & Publishers

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material from authentic sources which are acknowledged and indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the editors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.

All rights are reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1956, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means-electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise-without the prior permission of the copyright owner.

ISBN : 1-62699-080-8
SERIES ISBN : 0-9656038-5-7

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SERIES ISBN : 0-9656038-5-7

RECENT PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS

Series Editor: J.N. Govil

VOLUMES PUBLISHED

VOL. 1: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy (2002)

VOL. 2: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology (2003)

VOL. 3: Aesthetics (2004)

VOL. 4: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (2004)

VOL. 5: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade & Commerce (2002)

VOL. 6: Diseases and Their Management (2002)

VOL. 7: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II (2003)

VOL. 8: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II (2003)

VOL. 9: Plant Bioactives in Traditional Medicine (2005)

VOL. 10: Phytotherapeutics (2005)

VOL. 11: Drug Development from Molecules (2006)

VOL. 12: Globalisation of Herbal Health (2006)

VOL. 13: Search for Natural Drugs (2006)

VOL. 14: Biopharmaceuticals (2006)

VOL. 15: Natural Products (2007)

VOL. 16: Phytomedicines (2007)

VOL. 17: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology III (2007)

VOL. 18: Natural Products II (2007)

VOL. 19: Phytopharmacology & Therapeutic Values I (2008)

VOL. 20: Phytopharmacology & Therapeutic Values II (2008)

VOL. 21: Phytopharmacology & Therapeutic Values III (2008)

VOL. 22: Phytopharmacology & Therapeutic Values IV (2008)

VOL. 23: Phytopharmacology & Therapeutic Values V (2009)

VOL. 24: Standardization of Herbal / Ayurvedic Formulations (2009)

VOL. 25: Chemistry and Medicinal Value (2009)

VOL. 26: Cumulative Index to Abstracts Vols 1-25 (2010)

VOL. 27: Drug Plants I (2010)

VOL. 28: Drug Plants II (2010)

VOL. 29: Drug Plants III (2010)

VOL. 30: Drug Plants IV (2010)

VOL. 31: Mechanism and Action of Phytoconstituents (2011)

VOL. 32: Ethnomedicine and Therapeutic Validation (2012)

VOL. 33: Fixed Oils and Fats (2012)

VOL. 34: Phytoconstituents and Physiological Processes (2012)

VOL. 35: Phytoconstituents and Biochemical Processes (2013)

VOL. 36: Essential Oils I (2013)

VOL. 37: Essential Oils II (2013)

VOL. 38: Essential Oils III and Phytopharmacology (2013)

VOL. 39: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering II (2014)

VOL. 40: Flavonoids and Antioxidants (2016)

VOL. 41: Analytical and Processing Techniques (2016)

VOL. 42: Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (2016)

VOL. 43: Phytotherapeutics II: (2016)

VOL. 44: Phytotherapeutics III: (2016)

About the Series

Medicinal plants are value added for the content and chemical composition of their active components. Therefore, the demand on plant based therapeutics has increased many fold in both developing and developed countries due to the growing recognition that they are natural products, being non-narcotic, having no side-effects, easily available at affordable prices. in a wider context, there is a growing demand for plant-based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. international market of medicinal plants is over us $ 60 billion per year, which is growing at the rate of 7% and expected to be US $ 5 trillion by 2050. Herbal remedies would become increasingly important especially in developing countries.

Progress in medicinal plants research has undergone a phenomenal growth during last two decades. The input of biochemistry to pharmacology has grown. Molecular pharmacology puts more emphasis on the mode of action of drugs. Worldwide trend towards the utilization of natural plant remedies has created an enormous need for information about the properties and uses of the medicinal plants. Based on this rationale, the present series Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants broughtout eight volumes, in the first phase, providing edited information from over 225 original and review papers by eminent scientists and researchers from india and abroad on a wide range of topics in the areas of Ethnomedicine, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Aesthetics, Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, Diseases and their Management etc. in continuation to these foregone efforts, further eight volumes (9-16) viz., Plant Bioactives in Traditional Medicine; Phytotherapeutics; Drug Development from New Molecules; Globalisation of Herbal Health; Search for Natural Drugs; Biopharmaceuticals; Natural Products; Phytomedicines, providing recent research data in the areas of medicinal plants investigations, aimed at discovering new drugs of plants origin, were presented.

Continuing with the ongoing efforts and over-whelming response, the series editors have been hard pressed to bring out further nine volumes (Vols: 17-25) of the series on herbal drugs containing recent researches on bioreactive components based on their phytochemistry and phytopharmacology in order to discover potential drugs coupled with their therapeutic values. in this direction, nine volumes (1 7-25) on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology III, Natural Products II, Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values I, II, III, IV & V, Standardization of Herbal / Ayurvedic Formulations and Chemistry and Medicinal Value were published.

Thus the publication of 25 volumes of "Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants" (2002-2009) provides a comprehensive account of nearly 1800 important medicinal plants for producing drugs, cosmetics, perfumery etc. Hence, it was felt that there is an urgent need to document these 25 volumes in a more condensed form for scientist's desk reference in day to day research activity. considering the importance of such a resource book, it was planned to bring out Vol. 26 containing the abstracts of papers published in 25 volume-set of