BACTERIA IN BRITAIN, 18801939
STUDIES FOR THE SOCIETY FOR THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE
Series Editors: David Cantor
Keir Waddington
TITLES IN THIS SERIES
1 Meat, Medicine and Human Health in the Twentieth Century David Cantor, Christian Bonah and Matthias Drries (eds)
2 Locating Health: Historical and Anthropological Investigations of Place and Health Erika Dyck and Christopher Fletcher (eds)
3 Medicine in the Remote and Rural North, 18002000 J. T. H. Connor and Stephan Curtis (eds)
4 A Modern History of the Stomach: Gastric Illness, Medicine and British Society, 18001950 Ian Miller
5 War and the Militarization of British Army Medicine, 17931830 Catherine Kelly
6 Nervous Disease in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain: The Reality of a Fashionable Disorder Heather R. Beatty
7 Desperate Housewives, Neuroses and the Domestic Environment, 19451970 Ali Haggett
8 Disabled Children: Contested Caring, 18501979 Anne Borsay and Pamela Dale (eds)
9 Toxicants, Health and Regulation since 1945 Soraya Boudia and Nathalie Jas (eds)
10 A Medical History of Skin: Scratching the Surface Jonathan Reinarz and Kevin Siena (eds)
11 The Care of Older People: England and Japan, A Comparative Study Mayumi Hayashi
12 Child Guidance in Britain, 19181955: The Dangerous Age of Childhood John Stewart
13 Modern German Midwifery, 18851960 Lynne Fallwell
14 Western Maternity and Medicine, 18801990 Janet Greenlees and Linda Bryder (eds)
15 Human Heredity in the Twentieth Century Bernd Gausemeier, Staffan Mller-Wille and Edmund Ramsden (eds)
16 Biologics, A History of Agents Made From Living Organisms in the Twentieth Century Alexander von Schwerin, Heiko Stoff and Bettina Wahrig (eds)
FORTHCOMING TITLES
Health and Citizenship: Political Cultures of Health in Modern Europe Frank Huisman and Harry Oosterhuis (eds)
Institutionalizing the Insane in Nineteenth-Century England Anna Shepherd
The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain Barry M. Doyle
Psychiatry and Chinese History Howard Chiang (ed.)
Stress in Post-War Britain Mark Jackson
Bacteria in Britain, 1880-1939
BY
Rosemary Wall
First published 2013
by Pickering & Chatto (Publishers) Limited
Published 2016
by Routledge
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Taylor & Francis 2013
Rosemary Wall 2013
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BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA
Wall, Rosemary, author.
Bacteria in Britain, 1880-1939. (Studies for the Society for the Social History
of Medicine)
1. Medical bacteriology Great Britain History 19th century. 2. Medical
bacteriology Great Britain History 20th century. 3. Public health Great
Britain History 19th century. 4. Public health Great Britain History
20th century. 5. Bacterial diseases Great Britain History 19th century. 6.
Bacterial diseases Great Britain History 20th century.
I. Title II. Series
616.9'201'0941-dc23
ISBN-13: 978-1-84893-427-6 (hbk)
Typeset by Pickering & Chatto (Publishers) Limited
Contents
In memory of John Cresswell and Hilary Bodsworth
This book has developed from a PhD undertaken at Imperial College London and hence I have many people to thank for their help along the way. Firstly, thanks go to Andrew Mendelsohn, my PhD supervisor and later my colleague at Imperial College London. Andrew inspired me with his ambition and enthusiasm, particularly his advice that hospital case notes would provide a wealth of information for my project. As second supervisor, David Edgerton has been very supportive of my research and career. Abigail Woods offered advice on public perceptions of disease and the chapters which examine interactions between humans and animals. The research environment at Imperial College encouraged me to pursue my interests in an expansive way, leading me to compare the use of bacteriology in a range of locations and settings, and I would like to thank all of the staff and students with whom I studied and worked at the Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine between 2003 and 2006, and from 2011 to 2012. Many thanks also to my new colleagues at the University of Hull, especially Richard Gorski and Joy Porter, for their supportive advice and for making me think about aspects of my work in a different way. I would also like to thank Sally Sheard and William Ashworth at the University of Liverpool for nurturing my interest in the history of medicine, science and bacteriology.
Thank you to the Arts and Humanities Research Council for funding the PhD (award number 103736) and to Imperial College and the University of Hull for supporting three research trips to Geneva. This book could not have been written without this research funding and the support of a range of archivists. I am very grateful for access to a variety of archives and libraries which I list in the order of time spent within them: St Bartholomews Hospital, Addenbrookes Hospital, Croydon Local Studies Library and Archives Service, the Royal College of Physicians, West Yorkshire Archives Service in Bradford, North Yorkshire Record Office, Gwynedd Archives at the Caernarfon Record Office, University of Bradford Special Collections, International Labour Organization, Marlborough College, Zoological Society of London, Whitgift School, Cambridgeshire Collection and the County Record Office in Cambridge, Lincolnshire Archives, and University of Wales, Bangor, Department of Archives and Manuscripts. I have used archives and libraries extensively and any errors or omissions in seeking permissions or in crediting thanks are unintentional. In particular, I am especially grateful for the support and friendship of Chris Bennett at the Croydon Archives Service and Hilary Ritchie at Addenbrookes Hospital, and for my time spent at St Bartholomews Hospital Archives where I was ably assisted by Samantha Farhall, Marion Rea and Katie Ormerod. Linda Turnbull at the North Yorkshire Record Office was very happy to share her local knowledge with me. I would also like to particularly thank the very helpful staffat the International Labour Organization and United Nations for facilitating my brief but fruitful visits to the archives in Geneva I have more plans for another publication using the materials I found there. I have also been very lucky to be based in London for ten years with easy access to the excellent Wellcome Library. John and Joan Cresswell, Peter and Hilary Bodsworth, Kate and Jim Wall, and Sue Redfern very kindly hosted me during research trips. Kurt and Charlotte Weinbergs generosity provided an affordable home in Nansen Village during my PhD studies.
