These Smith & Wesson M&P handguns are both pistols.
A pistol is a very specific type of handgun, not just a general term for one. In simple terms, pistols are (usually) the type of handguns that store extra rounds of ammunition in the grip. Take a look at your nearest law enforcement officer; odds are that they are carrying a pistol .
If we get really nitpicky, we would define pistol as a handgun that has its chamber integral with the barrel. Right off the bat, that leads us to the technical definition of chamber. A quick diversion on that topic is warranted; well use that word a lot throughout the book .
Chamber
You can think of the chamber of a gun as the very back part of the barrel, where a cartridge is placed and ready to fire. As with all this complicated gun stuff, a chamber is not always the same as the back of the barrel. Revolvers have chambers that are separate from the barrel. They still hold the cartridge in place to fire. However, revolver chambers line up with the back of the barrel when ready to fire .
The chambers of a revolver (left) arent attached to the barrel, while the chamber of a pistol (right) is part of the barrel itself.
So technically, a pistol could be a single shot pistol, a derringer or perhaps a semi-automatic pistol like the Glocks that most law enforcement officers carry. For purposes of this book, were going to use the word pistol primarily to describe semi-automatic pistols like the ones shown above. If we talk about other types of pistols, like single shots and derringers, well be sure to specify .
Weve mentioned semi-automatic pistols so we ought to spend just a second specifying what those are. Semi-automatic simply indicates that the gun does part of the work for you. Its not fully automatic, meaning that it doesnt shoot multiple times with one pull of the trigger. Get it? Semi as in part, and automatic as in you dont have to do all the work .
Many guns use some of the energy from a firing cartridge to eject the empty cartridge shell and load a new one for you. The semi part of a semi-automatic is important here because you, the shooter, still have to operate the gun for each and every shot. When you press the trigger, it only fires one time and one time only. All thats automated is the ejection of the spent cartridge case and loading of the next cartridge into the chamber. You can think of a semi-automatic handgun design kind of like of like an electric staple gun. You have to press the go switch to staple something; it just gets it ready to go for you. Or you could think of semi-automatic kind of like politicians and TV cameras. When you make a deliberate action to turn on a TV camera, a politician will automatically reload right in front of it .
Most semi-automatic pistols are pretty similar at first glance. Modern ones generally have a magazine in the grip that holds the cartridges and prepares them for loading into the chamber. So, unlike a revolver, a pistol arranges extra cartridges vertically. As the gun is fired, a spring in the magazine pushes the stack of cartridges upwards towards the chamber .
Folks who favor semi-automatic pistols like them for many reasons .
- Semi-automatic pistols generally have more cartridge capacity than revolvers. This simply means they hold more bullets and you dont have to reload it as often. Many modern pistols can hold up to 20 cartridges in the magazine .