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Glyn Barlow - The Story of Madras

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Chepauk Palace Southern half Chepauk Palace Southern half THE STORY OF - photo 1
Chepauk Palace. (Southern half)
Chepauk Palace.
(Southern half)
THE
STORY OF MADRAS
BY
GLYN BARLOW, M.A.
WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
BY THE AUTHOR
HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON, BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, MADRAS
1921

PREFACE
This little book is not a "History of Madras," although it contains a good deal of Madras history; and it is not a "Guide to Madras," although it gives accounts of some of the principal buildings in the city. The book will have fulfilled its purpose if it helps the reader to realize that the City of Madras is a particularly interesting corner of the world. This fact is often forgotten; and even many of the people who live in Madras itself, and who are aware that Madras has played an important part in the making of India's history, are strangely uninterested in its historic remains. They are eloquent perhaps in denouncing the heat of Madras and its mosquitoes and the iniquities of its Cooum river; but they have never a word to say on its enchanting memorials of the past. Madras has memorials indeed. Madras is an historical museum, where the sightseer may spend many and many an hourin street and in buildingstudying old-world exhibits, and living for the while in the fascinating past. Madras is not an ancient city; its foundation is not ascribed to some mythic king who ruled in mythic times; it has no hoary ruins, too old to be historic and too legendary to be inspiring. But Madras is old enough for its records to be romantic, and at the same time is young enough for its earliest accounts of itself to benot unsatisfying fables, but interesting fact. The story of Madras fills an absorbing page of history, and the sights of Madras are well worthy of sympathetic interestespecially on the part of those whose lines of life are cast in the historic city itself or within the historic presidency of which it is the capital.
In the following pages certain places and events have been briefly described more than once with different details; any such repetitions are due to the fact that the Story of Madras has been told in a series of vignettes, appertaining to particular buildings or particular conditions, and each vignette had to be complete in itself. It is hoped that such repetitions will be of familiar interest, rather than tedious.
In respect of the facts that are recorded, apart from general history, I am indebted principally to the valuable Records of Fort St. George, which the Madras Government have been publishing, volume by volume, during several years, and which I have studied with interest since the first volume appeared. Of other works that I have consulted, I must specially mention Colonel Love's "Vestiges of Madras," which is a very mine of information.
G.B.
Madras , 1921.

CONTENTS
PAGE
Chap .
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.

ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE

CHRONOLOGICAL NOTES
The East India Company establisheda.d. 1600
First English settlement, at Masulipatam1611
Site of Madras acquired by Mr. Francis Day1639
The acquisition confirmed at Chandragiri by the Hindu 'Lord of the Carnatic'1639
The Hindu lord of the Carnatic (the Raja of Chandragiri) dethroned by the Mohammedan Sultan of Golconda1646
The Company secure from Golconda a fresh title to their possessions
The Sultan of Golconda dethroned by the Moghul Emperor, Aurangzeb, who appoints a 'Nawab of the Carnatic'1687
The Company secure from a representative of the Emperor a fresh title to their possessions
Da-ud Khan, Nawab of the Carnatic, invests Madras for three months, and is finally bought off1702
In Europe, England and France are engaged in the War of the Austrian Succession1740-1748
Dupleix, who is possessed with the idea of making France politically influential in India, is appointed Governor of Pondicherry1742
In the war in Europe he sees an opportunity for fighting the English in India, and French forces under LaBourdonnais capture Madras1746
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, by which Madras is restored to the English1748
Two Carnatic princes quarrel for the Nawabship1749
The French and the English in South India join in the quarrel on opposite sides. In the name of the claimant whom the English supported, Clive captures Arcot, the capital of the Carnatic, and then defends the town against the rival claimant and his French supporters1749
The French are defeated in the open field, and the struggle is at an end1752
In Europe, England and France are engaged in the Seven Years' War1756-1763
In India, Count Lally besieges Madras unsuccessfully for more than two monthsa.d. 1758-1759
The English defeat the French at Wandiwash1760
The English capture Pondicherry1761
Treaty of Paris, by which Pondicherry is restored to the French1763
(The town was captured again in 1786 and in 1803).
Haidar Ali makes himself Sultan of Mysore about 1760, and reigns till his death, which occurred in1781
Tipu, his son, succeeds him, and reigns till he is slain in defending his capital, Seringapatam, against an assault by the English1799
(Madras was frequently disturbed by the raids of the father and of the son; and Tipu's death relieved the townsmen of constant anxiety.)
The Supreme Court of Judicature established at Madras1801
In default of an heir, the Carnatic 'lapses' to the Company1855
The Madras Railway opened for traffic1856
The Indian Mutiny1857-1859
The Madras University instituted1857
The High Court established1861

ERRATUM
On page 1, for 'Madraspatnam' read 'Madraspatam.'

CHAPTER I
BEFORE THE BEGINNING
Three hundred years ago, Madras, under the name of 'Madraspatnam' was a tiny rural village on the Coromandel Coast. Scattered about in the neighbourhood there were other rural villages, such as Egmore, Vepery, and Triplicane, which are crowded districts in the great city of Madras to-day. In Triplicane there was an ancient temple, a centre of pilgrimage, dating, like many village temples in India, from very distant times; this was the Parthasarathy temple, which is the 'Triplicane Temple' still. A little fishing village called Kuppam, lying directly on the seashore, sent out, even as Kuppam does now, its bold fishermen in their rickety catamarans in perilous pursuit of the spoils of the sea. There was one small town in the neighbourhood, namely, the Portuguese settlement at Mylapore, where the tall faades of the several churches, peeping over the trees, formed a land-mark for the Portuguese ships that occasionally cast anchor in the roads.
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