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David L. Wagner - Caterpillars of Eastern North America: A Guide to Identification and Natural History

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David L. Wagner Caterpillars of Eastern North America: A Guide to Identification and Natural History
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Caterpillars of Eastern North America: A Guide to Identification and Natural History: summary, description and annotation

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This lavishly illustrated guide will enable you to identify the caterpillars of nearly 700 butterflies and moths found east of the Mississippi. The more than 1,200 color photographs and two dozen line drawings include numerous exceptionally striking images. The giant silk moths, tiger moths, and many other species covered include forest pests, common garden guests, economically important species, and of course, the Mescal Worm and Mexican Jumping Bean caterpillars. Full-page species accounts cover almost 400 species, with up to six images per species including an image of the adult plus succinct text with information on distribution, seasonal activity, foodplants, and life history. These accounts are generously complemented with additional images of earlier instars, closely related species, noteworthy behaviors, and other intriguing aspects of caterpillar biology.

Many caterpillars are illustrated here for the first time. Dozens of new foodplant records are presented and erroneous records are corrected. The book provides considerable information on the distribution, biology, and taxonomy of caterpillars beyond that available in other popular works on Eastern butterflies and moths. The introductory chapter covers caterpillar structure, life cycles, rearing, natural enemies, photography, and conservation. The section titled Caterpillar Projects will be of special interest to educators.

Given the dearth of accessible guides on the identification and natural history of caterpillars, Caterpillars of Eastern North America is a must for entomologists and museum curators, forest managers, conservation biologists and others who seek a compact, easy-to-use guide to the caterpillars of this vast region.

  • A compact guide to nearly 700 caterpillars east of the Mississippi, from forest pests to garden guests and economically important species
  • 1,200 color photos and 24 line drawings enable easy identification
  • Full-page species accounts with image of adult insect for almost 400 species, plus succinct text on distribution and other vital information
  • Many caterpillars illustrated here for the first time
  • Current information on distribution, biology, and taxonomy not found in other popular works
  • A section geared toward educators, Caterpillar Projects
  • An indispensable resource for all who seek an easy-to-use guide to the caterpillars of this vast region

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Table of Contents

Copyright 2005 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton - photo 1
Copyright 2005 by Princeton University Press

Published by Princeton University Press
41 William Street
Princeton, New Jersey 08540

In the United Kingdom:
Princeton University Press
3 Market Place
Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY

All Rights Reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

Wagner, David L., 1956
Caterpillars of Eastern North America: A Guide to identification and natural history/
David L. Wagner.
p. cm.(Princeton field guides)
With special acknowledgment for support received from the United States Forest
Service FHTET Program and Discover Life in America.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
ISBN: 0-691-12143-5 (cl. : alk. paper)ISBN 0-691-12144-3 (pb. : alk. paper)
1. CaterpillarsNorth America. I. Title. II. Series.

QL548.W34 2005
595.78139097dc22 2004062834

British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available

This book has been composed in Univers, Univers Condensed and Frutiger

Printed on acid-free paper.
pup.princeton.edu
Edited and designed by D & N Publishing, Hungerford, Berkshire, UK
Printed in Singapore
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
To my children Virginia and Ryan, wellsprings
of pint-sized adventures, good times, and
fond memories, I dedicate this work
PREFACE
I recently attended a seminar at Harvard University to hear Stefan Cover speak. He started off simply enough. Everyone needs an obsession. Mine is ants. Everyone chuckled more than a few heads nodded in agreement. For the past ten years mine has been caterpillars. They have provided a bounty of trip memories, abundant photographic opportunities, led to dozens of collaborations and friendships, some of which will be lifelong, and introduced me to a world full of beauty, change, carnage, and discovery. Stefan was right.
My goal in writing this guide is twofold. First, to provide larval images and biological summaries for the larger, commonly encountered caterpillars found east of the 100th meridian. Sounds simple, yet the problems associated with compiling such information are legion: literature is scattered, lacking, or, worse, especially in the case of some early accounts, wrong. For many common moths the species taxonomy is still under study, life histories are incompletely known, and distributional data have yet to be assembled. In this guide I offer a synopsis for each species that includes information on its distribution, phenology, and life history. Taxonomy has been updated, (Eastern) distributions adjusted, and information on the number of annual broods added for many of the species treated in Covell (1984), the go to book for Eastern moths. In addition, numerous caterpillars are illustrated here for the first time, dozens of new foodplant records are presented, and considerable previously unpublished life history information has been provided. But I caution that each species treatment is only a first step and that many accounts will require revision as our fauna becomes better known. Behaviors and phenomena previously believed to be exceptional or uncommon are shown to be otherwise: e.g., both Batesian and Mllerian mimicry appear to be more prevalent in caterpillars than previously recognized. Pronounced developmental changes (in form, coloration, and behavior), bordering on hypermetamorphosis, were seen in several familiesstriking examples occur among the daggers and slug caterpillars. Inducible color forms, e.g., darker morphs in high density inchworm and hornworm populations, are more common and taxonomically widespread than has been generally recognized.
My second goal for this work is to showcase some of the insect life that is right outside ones door or in nearby parks. Our National Forests and Parks are rife with biological riches. While it is almost a universal dream of biologists and weekend naturalists to someday explore a tropical rain forest, it is not necessary to be transported to a jungle to find beauty, view mysterious phenomena, or make new biological discoveries all exist as close as the nearest woodlot. All that it takes is to walk more slowly, watch more closely, and develop a greater appreciation for what E. O. Wilson calls the little things that run the world.
This book was written so as to be understandable to a student in middle school but also detailed enough to provide new information to a seasoned museum curator, accomplished lepidopterist, applied entomologist, conservation biologist, or land manager. Admittedly the text bounces between these audiences, and awkwardly so at times my apologies. Because the audience will be mixed, I usually list both common and scientific names even when it is disruptive to do so. Space limitations dictate that I adopt a mostly telegraphic style except in the Remarks section where full text is provided. The more I had to relate about a species, the more telegraphic the text.
I am not sure what brings me more pleasure: the hunt, rearing, or photography. I enjoy reading about a species, researching its foodplants and habits, planning a trip, and then searching for its caterpillar. There is great satisfaction in caterpillar rearing and wrangling: watching them eat, grow, and ultimately metamorphose into something often completely unexpected and strikingly beautiful. Caterpillars that appear drab and mundane at arms length often prove exquisite creatures when viewed through my cameras macro lens. Taking images that justly render their beauty or capture aspects of their behavior is very rewarding. It is my wish that this guide will enable others to share in all of this sport and facilitate the efforts of those wishing to contribute to our knowledge of Eastern moths, because so much remains to be discovered and told.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Much of the knowledge that sits behind this guide resides in the reviewers who read the species accounts and in the dozens who shared observations and contributed in other ways. In this regard a special debt of gratitude is owed to Dale Schweitzer who, above all others, served as my mentor and advisor. My colleagues and friends, Richard Heitzman, Steve Roble, Jadranka Rota, Fred Stehr, and Bo Sullivan read drafts of nearly every chapter. Others who reviewed chapters, roughly in order of number of species accounts read, include Dale Schweitzer, Richard Peigler, James Adams, David Wright, George Balogh, Ben Williams, Charles Covell, Noel McFarland, Eric Hossler, John Peacock, Jim Tuttle, Marc Epstein, John Lill, Paul Opler, Brian Branciforte, Jessica Lowrey, John Foltz, and Paul Schaefer. Michael Thomas and Kevin Fitzpatrick reviewed the section on photography; Judy Dulin that on school projects. James Adams, Jeff Boettner, Bonnie Drexler, Richard Heitzman, Eric Hossler, Jeff Lougee, Jane ODonnell, Dale Schweitzer, Fred Stehr, Bo Sullivan, Jessica Watson, Ron Wielgus, and Ben Williams provided helpful suggestions on the books introductory sections.
Those who collected foliage daily, serviced the rearing lots, preserved vouchers, labeled specimens, kept records, and maintained the database played a quintessential part in this effort: Valerie Giles, Eric Hossler, Monty Volovski, Julia Joseph, Julie Henry, Susan Herrick, Jennifer Jacobs, and Brian Branciforte. Keith Hartan and Jadranka Rota pitched in on numerous occasions. The first three contributed hundreds, and perhaps thousands of hours beyond what I could afford to pay themtheir commitment, enthusiasm, and friendship enabled all of this happen. I owe much to my friend Ben Williams who reared many egg lots to maturity and transported the fully grown caterpillars to the lab to be photographed.
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