Preface
I hope you learn half as much reading this book as I did writing it. This was quite an interesting project, where we took the original book and expanded its scope so much that we had to change its title. I wrote Unix Backup and Recovery seven years ago, and a lot has changed since thenboth in the industry and in my life. The biggest change in the industry has been the proliferation of Windows, Mac OS, Exchange, and SQL Server in the data center. (I never saw the Apple Xserve coming.)
The biggest change for me has been having my eyes opened to backup and recovery applications beyond those considered traditional. Its true that I spend most of my professional life consulting with large companies that spend enough on backup software and hardware to fund a small army. I enjoy doing that. Its very rewarding to show a company how to save millions of dollars a year and make their backups and restores faster and more reliable in the process. (By the way, if you need help with your backup system, drop an email to thats what I do for a living.)
I also spend a good deal of the time traveling the world speaking to users about how to do this themselves. And when I do, I always get questions like these:
I got a quote for backup software from XYX, and they want $XXXX for backup software! Where am I supposed to get that kind of money!?
I couldnt afford backup software from XYZ, so we bought ABC instead, and it stinks. Can you recommend something better?
None of the commercial utilities can back up my MySQL or PostgreSQL database. How do I do that?
How do I do bare-metal recovery on ABC operating system?
Arent there open-source utilities that do this kind of thing?
So while Im actually preparing to write my next book on how to select, install, and manage commercial backup software systems, I felt that this book needed to come first. This book is aimed at the people who feel that the commercial software products arent meeting all their needs.
Perhaps youre a small shop that cant spend $10,000 just to get decent backup software. Perhaps youre already using a commercial backup software package, but you dont want to spend thousands of dollars on their agent to back up your DB2 databases, or you cant find anybody to back up your MySQL or PostgreSQL databases. This book is about giving you options free options.
Almost everything I talk about in this book is either included with your operating system or application, or is available as an open-source project. (The commercial products I do mention cost only $99.) You may be amazed at what you can do for free or almost free.
I Wish Id Had This Book
I wanted to write a book that would ensure that no one would ever have to start from scratch again, and I believe that my contributors and I have done just that. It contains every backup tool that I wish I had when I first entered the backup business and every lesson and trick that Ive learned along the way. It covers how to back up and recover everything from a basic Linux, Windows, or Mac OS workstation to a complicated DB2, Oracle, or Sybase databaseand a lot of things in between. Whether your budget barely stretches to cover the cost of the backup media or allows you to buy a silo bigger than your house, this book has something for you. Whether your task is to figure out how to back up, with no commercial utilities, an environment such as the one I first encountered or to choose from among more than 50 commercial backup utilities, this book will tell you how to do it. With that in mind, let me mention a few things about this book that are unique.
Only the Recovery Matters
As my friend Joe Fitzpatrick used to tell me, No one cares if you can back uponly if you can recover. Yet how many backup chapters have you read that dedicate less than 10 percent to recovery? You wont find that in this book. I have tried very hard to ensure that recovery is given equal treatment.
Products Change
Some people may be surprised that there are no product names mentioned in the commercial backup section. I did this for several reasons, the main one being that products change constantly. It would be impossible to keep this book up to date with more than 50 backup products that are available for Unix alone. In fact, the book would be out of date by the time it hit the shelves. Instead, this book explains the concepts of commercial backup and recovery software, allowing you to apply those concepts to the claims that the vendors are currently making. Up-to-date information about specific products is available on http://www.backupcentral.com.
Backing Up Databases Is Not That Hard
If youre a database administrator (DBA), you may not be familiar with the commands necessary to back up your database. If youre a system administrator (SA), you may not be familiar with the architecture of the database platform your DBA is using. Both concepts are explained in detail in this book. I explain the backup utilities in plain language so that any DBA can understand them, and I explain database architecture in such a way that an SA, even one who has never before seen a database, can understand it.
Bare-Metal Recovery Is Not That Hard
One of these days you will lose the operating system disk for an important system, and you will need to recover it. This is called a bare-metal recovery. The standard recovery method described in many backup products documentation is to install a minimal operating system and restore on top of it. This is the worst possible method to do a bare-metal recovery of a system; among other problems, you end up overwriting some of the system files while the system is running from the very disk to which you are trying to restore. The best ways to do bare-metal recoveries for AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, Windows, Linux, and Mac OS are covered in detail in this book.
How This Book Is Organized
This book is divided into six parts, which are described in the following sections.
Part I
Part I of this book contains just enough information to whet your backup and recovery appetite.
Describes my philosophy about backup, such as why you should back up, and a little bit about how to do it, too.
Goes into detail about the essential elements of a good backup and recovery system.
Part II
This section covers the basic backup utilities that are available to back up your system, and several open-source backup systems to help you manage those backups.
Covers the basic backup and recovery utilities youre likely to find in Unix, Windows, or Mac OS, including dump
, tar
, cpio
, dd
, ditto
, ntbackup
, and rsync
.
Covers the ever-popular Advanced Maryland Disk Archiver, or Amanda.
Explains the disk-only backup system called BackupPC, which can actually back up far more than just your PC.
Covers Bacula. It roams the data center at night and sucks the vital essence from your computers.
Covers three near continuous data protection (near-CDP) products, including rsync
with snapshots, rsnapshot
, and